1. CHEMICAL BONDS – Covalent Chapter 6

2. 6.2 BONDING – journal 2 Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine. Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine. Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium and Fluorine. Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium and Fluorine. What is the full definition of an ionic bond? What is the full definition of an ionic bond? Why do elements bond? Why do elements bond? Answer the question for Figure 10 on page 166 of your book. Answer the question for Figure 10 on page 166 of your book.

3. 6.2 BONDING Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of valence electrons.

4. Therefore, chemical bonding and reactivity depend on an element’s electron configuration.

5. STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: Which group does this describe?

6. What do elements with UNSTABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS do?

7. They BOND COVALENT BONDING

8. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their highest energy levels

9. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING What type of element is Hydrogen?

10. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS What element is this?

11. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How many electrons are shared in each picture?

12. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS Two = A PAIR This is called a SINGLE COVALENT BOND

13. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS Each atom shares AN EQUAL number of electrons to fill its outer shell

14. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS This is how you DRAW a SINGLE COVALENT BOND

15. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS A single line means each atom shared one electron each to get full.

16. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen? BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET

17. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen? How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?

18. 6.2 BONDING COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?

19. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS What kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form? COVALENT

20. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How many electrons does each atom need? TWO

21. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How many TOTAL electrons are shared? FOUR

22. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How would you draw this? This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs shared

23. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form? COVALENT

24. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How many electrons does each atom need? Three

25. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How many total electrons are shared? Six (three pairs)

26. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How would you draw this? This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs shared

27. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLY

28. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS This is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULE

29. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS The molecule has a negative side and positive side

30. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS The molecule has a negative side and positive side The molecule has a negative side and positive side

31. 6.2 BONDING COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS Whenever electrons are SHARED, the thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.

32. COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron SHARING between NONMETALS How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?

33. How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE? H2 O2 CH4 F2 N2

34. BONDING HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE? H2O Dihydrogen oxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CaCO3 Calcium carbonate HCl Hydrogen Chloride HNO3 Hydrogen nitrate

35. Building Covalent Molecules Number of shared electrons Name of bondShown in a structural formula by what symbol? Shown in a model by how many of what item? 2 SINGLE-----ONE STICK 4 DOUBLE===TWO SPRINGS 6 TRIPLE===THREE SPRINGS

36. Building Covalent Molecules 3 BLUE N 2 SILVER S 2 RED O 1 YELLOW H 4 BLACK C Number of covalent bonds needed to get a full outer shell = number of holes Lewis Dot Color Element

37. Building Covalent Molecules Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to get a full outer shell. What are three ways of covalent bonding involving combinations of single, double, and triple bonds that you could use?

38. When you build a good model what happens to the holes in the atomic models? THEY ARE FULL

39. CO 2 Atmosphere Uses: Photosynthesis Propellant Paintball Airsoft carbon dioxide NH 3 Sea water salt marshes Uses: Fertilizer cleaner explosives chemical warfare (mustard gas) ammonia H2SH2S Product of decaying Uses: Law enforcement, Small amounts used in certain novelty items rotten egg gas C 4 H 10 Fossil Fuel Cooking fuel lighters aerosol spray butane C3H8C3H8 Earths Crust Fuel power grills propane CH 4 Earths Crust deep in the ocean Heating cooking Car fuel methane N2N2 Atmosphere Living Organisms Plant food gunpowder rocket fuel ammonia nitrogen O2O2 Atmosphere Crust Living things Uses: Rocket Boosters And Fuel respiration photosynthesis Cryo-Storage oxygen H2OH2O F: Atmosphere Crust Living Things Uses: Respiration Photosynthesis water Structural formula Chemical Formula What is used for or where is it found? Molecule’s name

40. CH 3 CH 2 OH

41. CH 3 COOH

42. CH 2 OHCH 2 OH

43. CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH

44. H2O2H2O2H2O2H2O2

45. Challenge Molecule