1. Review Quiz More on Ions (Have your notebook ready) Octet Rule
Today’s Agenda .w 10/7/10
Review Quiz
More on Ions (Have your notebook ready)
Octet Rule

2. Problem 1
Boron
Atomic Number 5
Therefore I know this atom has 5 protons and because it’s neutral, 5 electrons 3e 2e
2nd 5p
There are 6 neutrons because the Atomic Mass rounded up to 11 (which you look up on your periodic table) minus the atomic number 5 equals 6
1st Orbital Shell 6n

3. Problem 2 Average Atomic Mass = Mass (%) + Mass (%)
Iodine – 126 (34.7%) and Iodine – 127 (65.3%)
Means:
126 (.347) (.653)

4. W Problem 3 Write the Chemical Symbol for Tungsten - 180 180 74
This is the Symbol! I did not want the periodic box!

5. Ion Equations
A potassium atom changing to a potassium ion plus an electron
One negative Charge
One positive Charge
Potassium atom
Potassium ion
Electron
So potassium lost an electron because it wanted a full orbital shell and you’ll see why…

6. Problem 4 Krypton has 48 neutrons
Atomic weight was so you round up to 84. The atomic number is 36.
84 – 36 = 48 neutrons

7. IONS...

9. red and green are opposites

10. assume red and green cancel each other
net color = neutral

11. take away one red

12. take away one red
net color = 1 green

13. take away two red

14. take away two red
net color = 2 green

16. net color = neutral

18. net color = 2 red

19. in this arrangement…

20. green is trapped inside.
Only red balls
can be added or
taken away…

23. color = 2 green

26. color = 1 red

28. color = ?

29. 3 red

30. color = ?

31. 3 green

32. positive or negative charge
the particles
that make up atoms
have either
positive or negative charge +

33. positive and negative are opposites+ +
they cancel each other out + + +

34. +
net charge = zero + + + +

35. the positive (+) particle is called a
proton +

36. the negative (-) particle is called an
electron

37. in an atom, protons ( ) are in the center and electrons ( )
are on the outside + + + + + +

38. only electrons ( )
can be added
or taken away + + + + +

39. this is an atom with
5 electrons and
5 protons + + + + +

40. the atom is neutral
net charge = zero + + + + +

41. 5 (-) and 5 (+) = zero charge (neutral)

42. + + + + +

43. + + + + +

44. charge = ? + + + + +

45. charge = 1- (one minus) + + + + +

46. + + + + +

47. + + + + +

48. charge = ? + + + +

49. 2+ (two plus) + + + + +

50. WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS

51. WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE

52. WHEN REMOVING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS POSITIVE 1+
neutral

53. WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS

54. WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE

55. WHEN ADDING ELECTRONS
THE RESULTING CHARGE IS NEGATIVE 2
neutral

56. An atom with positive or negative charge
is called an
ION
drum roll

57. Atoms with positive or negative charge
SO...
Atoms without charge are called ATOMS
Atoms with positive or negative charge
are called IONS

58. The number of protons in an
AND...
Notice that ONLY the number of e- changes
(Only electrons are added or subtracted)
The number of protons in an
Atom NEVER changes
(why?)

59. What do IONS have to do with anything??

60. ions make up the salt you put on your eggs in
the morning

61. ions are required for your brain to function
(ions allow you to see and understand this presentation)

62. ions are an essential ingredient in soap

63. ions are required for cellular respiration

64. ions make up acids and bases

65. ions keep your blood functioning

66. ions make up the salt you put on your eggs in
ions are required for your brain to function
(ions allow you to see and understand this presentation)
ions are an essential ingredient in soap
ions are required for cellular respiration
ions make up acids and bases
ions keep your blood functioning
the morning

67. Octet Rule
A concept of chemical bonding theory that is based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either empty valence shells or full valence shells of eight electrons.
What this means is: Atoms want to have a full shell. So they will loss or gain electrons to obtain a full shell.
Beryllium (Be) Has one more electron in its atom so it wants to get rid of it to have a complete shell
Iodine (I) Has one less electron to complete its shell so it wants to gain one more electron

68. Example Fluorine
Fluorine (Chemical symbol F) has the electron configuration: (write it)
1s 2s 2p 2 5
But how many electrons can 2p hold? 6
Fluorine wants to have a filled outer shell. So most Fluorine atoms will obtain one extra electron and make it a Fluorine Ion
The electron configuration would be:
1s 2s 2p 2 6
Because of the extra electron
More

69. Example continued What would the equation be? Fluorine Atom
What Charge does it have? -1
Electron
Fluorine Ion
Fluorine Atom

70. Homework
There is non today, but remember that your packet is due Friday.
You also have a Quiz Friday and a test on Monday.