1. Lec: Isotopes and Ions

2. An Isotope is an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

3. Example: C 12,C 13, and C 14 all have 6 protons but 6, 7, and 8 neutrons. The combination of the # of protons and neutrons equals the isotope #. Isotope #

4. The nuclei of C 12,C 13, and C 14 C 12 = 6 protons 6 neutrons C 13 = 6 protons7 neutrons C 14 = 6 protons 8 neutrons Protons= Neutrons= C 12 C 13 C 14

5. Determine what isotope is the atom below. Express you answer as an isotope number.

6. F 19 9 Protons and 10 neutrons

7. Ion: An atom that has an electrical charge due to the increase (gain) or decrease (loss) of electrons.

8. All protons have a +1 electrical charge. All electrons have a -1 electrical charge. If an atoms protons and electrons are the same the atom is neutral.

9. An ion with a negative (-) electrical charge is an anion. Examples of anions are expressed like this: F - or C -2 Fluorine (F) has gained an electron thus changing F to a (-1) electrical charge. Carbon (C) has gained two electrons thus changing the electrical charge to -2.

10. Example of an ion for F - Fluorine according to your PTE should have 9 electrons and protons however F - has 10 electrons and 9 protons.

11. An ion with a positive (+) electrical charge is a cation. Examples of cations are expressed like this: Li + or C +2 Lithium (Li) has lost an electron thus changing Li to a (+1) electrical charge. Carbon (C) has lost two electrons thus changing the electrical charge to +2.

12. Example of cation for Li + Lithium according to your PTE should have 3 electrons and protons however Li + has 2 electrons and 3 protons.