1. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards

2. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Directions The first slide asks a question. The second slide answers the question. Use these slides like flash cards to test your core knowledge.

3. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question The movement of lymph through the body is achieved by ______, ______, and ______.

4. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Skeletal muscle contraction 2.Respiration 3.Venous pulsation

5. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Lymph nodes function as ______. a.Filters b.Glands c.Valves

6. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer a.Filters b.Glands c.Valves

7. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Lymph vessels have: a.No valves b.Exactly the same number of valves as veins c.Fewer valves than veins d.More valves than veins

8. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer a.No valves b.Exactly the same number of valves as veins c.Fewer valves than veins d.More valves than veins

9. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question The lymph node is the main residence for: a.Leukocytes b.Lymphocytes c.Thrombocytes d.Hemoglobin

10. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer a.Leukocytes b.Lymphocytes c.Thrombocytes d.Hemoglobin

11. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Name the organs that contain lymph tissue.

12. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer a.Lymph nodes b.Spleen c.Thymus d.Tonsils

13. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question There are ______ sets of tonsils. a.2 b.3 c.4 d.6

14. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer a.2 b.3 c.4 d.6

15. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Name the three sets of tonsils.

16. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Lingual 2.Pharyngeal 3.Palatine

17. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question True or False? Tonsils are known as the first line of defense.

18. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer True: Tonsils are a special variant of lymph nodes made of lymphoid tissue. They are called the 1st line of defense, as they surround the air and food passages in the nasal and the oral cavities.

19. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Define lymphedema.

20. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Lymphedema is the accumulation of lymph in the interstitial space due to blockage of lymphatic vessels; it commonly affects the limbs.

21. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Define lymph.

22. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Lymph is a pale yellow fluid that overflows into tissue spaces. It contains large proteins and waste from different parts of the body.

23. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Lymphatic vessels are blind-ended capillaries, venules, and veins. The lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable allowing easy passage of large molecules into the lymphatic system. Although the lymphatic system is a circulatory system, the lymph circulates in ______.

24. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer One direction

25. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Lymph has specific pathways traveling one way toward what two main ducts?

26. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct

27. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What areas does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?

28. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Right upper extremity 2.Right side of neck 3.Right side of head 4.Right upper torso

29. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

30. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Right subclavian vein

31. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Which is the largest lymphatic vessel?

32. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer The thoracic duct

33. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question 1.What part of the body does the thoracic duct drain? 2.Where does it drain into?

34. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.The other ¾ of the body, including bilateral lower extremities, left upper extremity, left side of head, neck, and torso. 2. Into the left subclavian vein.

35. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the name of the holding tank located in the thoracic duct?

36. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Cisterna chyli

37. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question The time the lymph leaves the interstitial spaces, enters the lymphatic vessels and reaches the subclavian veins takes approximately how long?

38. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Four hours

39. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic and immune systems?

40. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.They filter out harmful substances from the lymph. 2.Produce white blood cells.

41. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Describe lymph nodes.

42. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.As small as a pinhead. 2.As large as a lima bean. 3.Most are in the body as clusters or groups (some may break off due to injury or illness).

43. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Name the three main clusters of lymph nodes and their locations.

44. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Cervical—neck 2.Axillary—armpit 3.Inguinal—groin

45. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question 1.How many lymph vessel(s) carry the lymph to the lymph node? 2.What are the lymph vessels called?

46. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Four 2.Afferent

47. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question 1.How many lymph vessel(s) carry the lymph away from the lymph node? 2.What are the lymph vessels called?

48. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.One 2.Efferent

49. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question An indication of illness or infection is enlarged lymph nodes. Explain why the lymph nodes would enlarge.

50. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer They swell and become tender when they are infected by bacteria or other foreign cells they trap.

51. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Where is the thymus gland located?

52. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Mediastinum

53. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the function of the thymus gland?

54. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer The thymus is composed of lymphocytes that develop under the influence of thymosin (produced by the thymus). As the lymphocytes (T-cells) mature, they migrate to the spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, and lymph tissue.

55. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question The thymus completes it’s work during childhood. The thymus tissue is replaced by fat and connective tissue. This process is called ______.

56. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Involution

57. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the functions of tonsils?

58. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer To act as the first line of defense against invasion of pathogens.

59. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Where is the spleen located? Question

60. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Upper left quadrant of the abdomen.

61. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What are the functions of the spleen?

62. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.It contains pulp-like accumulations of phagocytes. As blood vessels run through the spleen, the phagocytes filter and remove bacteria and other foreign substances. 2.Destroys old red blood cells and salvages the iron in the hemoglobin to use the iron again. 3.Serves as a reservoir, storing more than a pint of blood.

63. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is specific immunity?

64. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer When your body recognizes, responds to, and remembers any bacteria, virus,or fungus.

65. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is non-specific immunity?

66. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Skin—barrier to pathogens. 2.Tears and mucus—washes eyes and traps and kills bacteria. 3.Promotion of WBCs to the area secondary to the inflammatory response.

67. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the inflammatory response?

68. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer When bacteria causes tissue damage, mediators are alerted from the immune cells, which in turn alert white blood cells to come to the area.

69. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What signs are produced from the inflammatory response?

70. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Increase blood flow (heat and redness) Increase vascular permeability (pain and swelling)

71. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is inborn immunity?

72. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Inherited immunity to certain diseases.

73. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Getting the measles as a child develops antibodies against them and you will never get measles again. What type of immunity is this?

74. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Natural active immunity

75. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Describe natural passive immunity.

76. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.A fetus receives antibodies through the placenta. 2.An infant gets antibodies from mother’s milk. 3.Exposure to a causative is not deliberate.

77. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question When exposure to a causative agent is deliberate, it is called artificial immunity. Name the two types of artificial immunity.

78. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Artificial active 2.Artificial passive

79. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is a phagocyte?

80. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Phagocytes are white blood cells that ingest bacteria and foreign debris in a process called phagocytosis.

81. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What are the three types of phagocytes?

82. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Neutrophils 2.Monocytes 3.Macrophages a.Kupffer cells b.Dust cells

83. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the name of the most numerous of immune system cells?

84. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Lymphocytes

85. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What are two lymphocytes?

86. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.B-cells 2.T-cells

87. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question Where do B-cells develop?

88. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Stem cells transform into immature B-cells in the liver and bone marrow before birth and only in bone marrow in adults. 2.They leave bone marrow and migrate to lymph nodes, liver, and the spleen, where they act as seed cells cloning themselves, repeating mitosis. 3.The mature B-cell then divides very quickly cloning two (2) kinds of cells.

89. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question When mature B-cells divide, what are the name of the two cells they clone as?

90. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Plasma cells 2.Memory cells

91. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question How do T-cells develop?

92. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer Stem cells from bone marrow migrate to the thymus gland.

93. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Question What is the function of T-cells?

94. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professional Answer 1.Produce cell-mediated immunity. 2.Kill invading cells by releasing a substance that poisons cells. 3.Release chemicals that attract and activate macrophages to kill cells by phagocytosis.