1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
REVISION AND EXTENSION

2. TYPE 0 CAUSE AND EFFECT If you heat ice, it melts.
Universal truth or general validity.
IF has a meaning similar to WHENEVER.

3. TYPE I OPEN CONDITIONS If we catch the 10 o’clock train,
we will get there on time.
The actions or events mentioned in the
conditional clause are likely to happen.
YESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

4. TYPE II HYPOTHETICAL, WHAT IS POSSIBLE, CONTRARY TO PRESENT FACT
If I won the lottery, I would give up working.
If we caught the 10 o’clock train, we would be there by lunchtime.
If I knew the answer, I could help you.
DREAMINGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG!

5. TYPE III IMPOSSIBLE, CONTRARY TO PAST FACT
If we had caught the 10 o’clock train, we would have been there by lunchtime.
WHAT A PITYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY!

6. MIXED CONDITIONALS
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE: CONTRARY TO PAST FACT
MAIN CLAUSE: CONTRARY TO PRESENT FACT
We didn’t bring a map and we don’t know which road to take NOW
If we had brought a map, we would know which road to take.

7. TYPE I VARIATIONS
‘SHOULD’ has a similar meaning to ‘IF BY ANY CHANCE’. Used when we are less sure about a possibility.
If we should miss the 10 o’clock train, we won’t get
there at lunchtime.
AGUAFIESTASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

8. TYPE II VARIATIONS
WERE TO emphasizes the suppositional nature of the condition. Similar to SHOULD in TYPE I.
If we were to miss the 10 o’clock train, we
wouldn’t get there till after lunch.

9. SPECIAL CASES FORMALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Should you need my help again, give me a ring. (Type I)
Were the government to change this law, some people
would be in serious trouble. (Type II)
Had I known you were ill, I would have brought some
aspirins. (Type III)
HERE WE DON’T USE IF AND THE AUXILIARY GOES
BEFORE THE SUBJECT
FORMALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

10. ALTERNATIVES TO ‘IF’ Unless you eat now, you’ll be hungry later.
UNLESS = IF NOT
Unless you eat now, you’ll be hungry later.
(If you eat now, you won’t be hungry later)
(If you don’t eat now, you’ll be hungry later)
IN CASE: A condition can take place or not. It refers to actions we can do in advance to be prepared for something. Never followed by a modal verb.
Take an umbrella in case it rains.

11. ALTERNATIVES TO ‘IF’ (2)
SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING (THAT) = WHAT IF.
The clause which expresses the result is generally in
the interrogative form.
Suppose you won a lot of money, what would you do?
OTHERWISE = OR ELSE; IF NOT
We’d better hurry. Otherwise, we’ll be late.

12. ALTERNATIVES TO ‘IF’ (3)
AS/SO LONG AS; ON CONDITION THAT;
PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT)= IF BUT ONLY IF.
Strong limitation.
You can go out tonight as long as you come back
before midnight.
I will go to the party provided you go too.

13. SOME EXAMPLES YOU DIDN’T UNDERSTAND
If I bought a car ,I would drive you to school.( perhaps one day ?????)
If I were to buy a car ,I would drive you to school.(I don’t think I will do )
= = = = =( MORE FORMAL)
Were I to buy a car, I would drive you to school

14. Transform these sentences using were
If you lived in Canada, you would have to learn English.
If Mary knew the answer, she would be famous.
If mum came, she would punish us.
If dad punished me, I would be very unhappy