1. EXAM REVIEW: NATIONALISM AND IMPERIALISM Catricia Morris

2. Nation-State  The combination of a political state with the emotional sensibility of a collective social identity  Nation: combination of shared language, religion, history, ethnicity, future aspiration and a sense of distinctiveness from, competition with, or antagonism toward, some other nation-state  State: geographic territory with its own independent government and must have enough size and force that it is not swallowed up by another  Developed central governments  Capable of collecting taxes, keeping the peace, and raising armies  Nation states defined themselves in relation to one another and in relation to other civilizations with which they were engaging

3. Italy and Germany  Nationalism grew in Europe  Austria, Prussia, Russia, France and Britain suppressed new national uprisings by peoples within their empires  Italy and Germany began successfully to unite their several divided regions to form new nations  Cultural nationalism preceded political mobilization  European nation-states demonstrated economic political, military and cultural power that came from unity  regional leaders in Italy and Germany sought unification for themselves  Italy achieved unification in 1870  Germany achieved unification in 1859-1871

4. The Quest for Empire  Triumph of nationalism – the rise of the modern nation state  Accompanied by fierce and violent competition for power among the new states  Economic competition between countries began because of national pride  Three main countries in competition were the United States, Germany and France  Became a quest for imperial power Use of advanced technology and new strategies of financial and economic dominance gave countries more power than ever before

5. Major Events Opium Wars (1839-1842 and 1856-1860)  The first opium war was not a contest because the Chinese emperors lacked interest in Western science and technology China lacked modern cannons and steamships  Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)  led by Hong Xuiquan  Demands of leader included: and end to the corrupt and inefficient Manchu imperial rule, an end to extortionate landlord demands and the alleviation of poverty Opium Wars

6. Major Events (Cont.)  The Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900)  “Boxers” were a group of nationalists in Beijing Had a pride in their country that made them not want to allow foreigners to come in and influence their culture  Beijing government supported the foreigners because Beijing had foreign allies that they needed to keep strong for trade The Boxer Rebellion

7. Terms  Nationalism: the love of one’s country – led to imperialism because governments wanted to fuel their economy so they did not want to trade with other nations  Imperialism: the extending of rule over foreign countries  Nation-State (472): a political state with the emotional sensibility of a collective social identity  Nationalists (599): people who asserted their wish and responsibility to create, strengthen, and consolidate their nations  Extraterritoriality (614): legal immunities enjoyed by the citizens of a sovereign state or international organization within a host country  Comprador (616): a Chinese merchant hired by Western traders to assist with their dealings in China

8. People  Count Camillo Cavour (1810-1861)  Architect of the Italian Unification  Unified the resource- rich North Italy with the agricultural South Italy allowed the country to industrialize and become a major world competitor Camillo Cavour

9. People (Cont.)  Chancellor Otto von Bismark (1815-1898)  Architect behind German unification  Introduced warfare to German unification Increased speed of unification Made German more aggressive militarily Helped with colonization after unification  Hong Xiuquan  Leader of China’s Taiping rebellion Otto von Bismark