2. Citrus County Schools, Florida 1 COMPREHENSION INSTRUCTION Citrus: Literacy, Leaders, and Learners Developed by Becky Smith, David Jackson, and Debra Stanley

3. 2 Literacy is… Listening Viewing Speaking Thinkingusing multiple symbol systems Reading Writing Expressing

4. 3 Daily Non-negotiables Maintain a print-rich classroom Use the seven processes of literacy Read to and with students Teach/model/practice strategies of expert readers and writers Require independent reading with accountability Instruct phonics & phonemic awareness for K-1, and for others who have not reached mastery

5. Citrus County Schools, Florida 4 Comprehension: The National Reading Panel sites that comprehension is an active, interactive, strategic process that is critical to the development of reading.

6. 5 What do expert readers do? Predict Clarify Visualize Question Connect Summarize Evaluate

7. 6 How do we get there? Expert teachers introduce strategies, explain their purpose, model their use, and provide time for students to practice until the students use them independently. (Schwartz, 1997)

8. 7 These are the strategies… PredictingClarifying SummarizingQuestioning VisualizingConnecting EvaluatingUse graphic organizers

9. 8 This is the framework… Before Reading During Reading After Reading

10. 9 Before Reading Strategies Clarify – vocabulary – text structure – purpose Connect – background knowledge Question Predict With graphic organizers

11. 10 During Reading Strategies Visualize Question Predict, clarify, predict, clarify… Evaluate – comprehension – making connections Summarize – begin with small chunks of text With graphic organizers

12. 11 After Reading Strategies Summarize – key points Connect – ideas Evaluate – text – personal extensions beyond the text Question further With graphic organizers

13. 12 Narrative/Expository cards Before During After

14. Citrus County Schools, Florida 13 3-2-1 Wrap Up