1. S-72.3510 Product Development of Telecommunication Systems An Overview to Innovation Techniques

2. Human Mind and Creativity* *T. Korhonen, A. Ainamo: Handbook of Product and Service Development in Communication and Information Technology, Kluwer Academic Press, 2003

3. Process of Creativity

4. Cycle of Creativity

5. Cycle of Creativity for High-quality Outputs

6. Brainstorming Used especially to introduce you to problem framework - Don’t discuss about the (best) solutions too early! Method: Collect problems to Post-It notes, or use a program (FreeMind) Group/associate problems Collect more data for each problem Grade problems Group members: Session leader, Secretary, Tool- assistant, Customer representative, Social facilitator, Technical facilitator, other Group members

7. Group Members Session leader: –guide and facilitate –not to interfere with own opinions –track time –encourage the participants Secretary: –documentation –assist to track the session flow Tool-assistant: –aware of ideation tools –tools include computer programs independent methods (as Fish bones diagram, SWOT-analysis …)

8. Group Members (cont.) Customer representative (Check Point - phase): -Practical perspectives of the brainstorming objectives -Interferes only after substantial amount of ideas have been mapped and there seems to be not many new ideas appearing - Responsible to carry in customer's objectives initial opinions of company's executives practical constrains as - money - time - personnel resources

9. Group Members (cont.) Social facilitator: –has formed himself a framework of the brainstorming themes –should not decide what the solution is, or even, what the problem is –He is aware of the laws of group dynamics and human personality –Well prepared to boost group creativity based on this framework

10. Group Members (cont.) Technical facilitator: technology related matters as product development tools production technology general commercial aspects Group members: open attitude communication skills able to visualize their ideas fluent oral presentation wide range of disciplines and cultures

11. Double Team* 1. Present the problem-framework 2. Innovate solutions in the teams of two - a pair selects five ideas to present 3. Pairs explain their ideas shortly 4. Ideas are grouped into logical categories 5. Pairs innovate more ideas into categories - Pair selects two ideas they present 6. Pairs explain their ideas 7. Grading of each idea with scores 1-3 8. Select the best ideas so far 9. Discussion 10. Select the best idea(s) after discussions *Recommended for generation of long list of solutions 5 5 5 5 Problem framework Grouping 2 2 2 2 Grading Discussion

12. Mind Mapping

13. Fish Bones

14. Five Whys (& Hows!) Problem: A machine does not work! Why: Fuse blown! How:Voltage spike?something got jammed?overload?etc Why:Why overload? How:Component malfunctioned! high resistance!no maintenance!etc Why:Why there was no maintenance? How:Pump malfunctioned!a spare part was olda spare part was wrong!etc Why:Why did the pump malfunctioned? How:Pump has overheated!electricity problems?etc. Why:Why did the pump overheated? How:Cooler filter was jammed! So, We replace the filter and check in regularly …. Why and how this can be reassured in the future ….? Ask ”WHY-HOW” 5 times (at least):

15. Getting More out of Brainstorming *Axon 2002 - program: http://web.singnet.com.sg/ ~axon2000/index.htm facts: figures, information needs and gaps intuition: feelings and emotions logical negative: judgment and caution logical positive: why something works creativity: alternatives, proposals, what is interesting, provocations and changes meta-cognition: creativity process control Method of Six Thinking Hats (Edward de Bono) or Six Eyes* (Rodney King) can be used to get Brainstorming to work better. Idea: group members are assigned hats:

16. SWOT Analysis SWOT is applicable for sorting unorganized knowledge bases and analyzing current status Successful SWOT yields structured mapping of the problem at hand For instance in product analysis –identify strength and weaknesses of the product –search through possibilities and threats (for instance for product launch) Realization: List all the relevant properties and sort them into SWOT boxes! Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats inside outside

17. A case of SWOT: WAP-based Knowledge Base Service* Strengths Expandable, flexible, easy to use, dynamic, easy to personalize, bypassing of telephone exchange, more effective graphics, utilization of location information Strengths Expandable, flexible, easy to use, dynamic, easy to personalize, bypassing of telephone exchange, more effective graphics, utilization of location information Weaknesses Need for WAP terminal managing, search routines require Dedication Weaknesses Need for WAP terminal managing, search routines require Dedication Opportunities If first at the market may be a killer-kind app. Due to usage of immediate location info by GPS or GSM location technology Opportunities If first at the market may be a killer-kind app. Due to usage of immediate location info by GPS or GSM location technology Threats No popularity, one applies terminal specific catalogs, competitive techniques may hit markets Threats No popularity, one applies terminal specific catalogs, competitive techniques may hit markets *S-72.124 spring ‘99

18. Force Field Analysis FFA is a method to analyze factors for and against an act Objective: To create an unified description of the factors forming the problem. This is used to alter the process state to the wanted direction! Benefits –Describes all the relevant forces –Allows to plan contra strategies for negative forces supporting strategies for positive forces The FFA method: Identify, Sort and Grade the different forces and illustrate the problem by a diagram including the forces! The first result of this method describes the current state Alteration of forces can change the current state to the objective state!

19. Force Field Analysis: Example