1. Chapter 4
First Age of Empires

2. Section 1 The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

3. Setting the Stage Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e.
During the Middle kingdom periods…
Trade with Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt
600 miles South, in Thebes
A major kingdom developed, Nubia
Nubian Kingdom of Kush traded with Egypt

4. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
Middle Kingdom prosperous
Weak pharaohs led country to fall to invaders.
Hyksos invade and rule Egypt from B.C.

5. Hebrews Migrate To Egypt
During Hyksos rule, Hebrews settled in Egypt
Two groups racially similar; Egyptians resented them being there

6. Expulsion and Slavery Around 1600 B.C., Egypt's power gets restored
Queen Ahhotep and Pharaoh Kamose helped drive out the Hyksos
Hebrews forced into slavery until the Exodus

7. The New Kingdom of Egypt
B.C.
New pharaohs set to build an empire…what is an empire?

8. Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule
Declared self pharaoh because stepson was too young
Spent focus on trade rather than war

9. Thutmose the Empire Builder
Stepson to Hatshepsut
Warlike ruler
Went into Palestine, Syria and Nubia
Egypt once again became a powerful empire

11. The Egyptians and the Hittites
Taking over Syria and Palestine brought conflict with the Hittites
Large battle at Kadesh
Pharaoh, Ramses II, and Hittite king agreed to a treaty
(read pg 91)

12. An Age of Builders Huge buildings erected
Ramses II built elaborate temples

15. An Age of Builders Continued
Treasures buried at the Valley of the Kings near Thebes

19. The Empire Declines 1200 B.C. Ramses died
All of the Mediterranean invaded
                         
Merenptah was probably the last great king of the 19th Dynasty. His reign was followed by dynastic upheaval that led to the decline of the dynasty.

20. Invasions by Land and Sea
Egyptian and Hittite kingdoms were attacked
“Sea Peoples” caused destruction
They were possibly the Philistines
Egyptians also attacked by Palestines and Libyans

21. Egypt's’ Empire Fades Egypt never recovered
Egypt broke into small kingdoms
Libyan’s pharaohs ruled Egypt but adopted their way of life
Nubians will do the same

22. The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region
Egypt had controlled Nubia, and its kingdom Kush.
During Hyksos rule, Kush became more powerful.

23. The People of Nubia Kush, a Nubian kingdom, was a trading spot
1st Nubian kingdom, Kerma

24. Nubian Facts You do not need to write this!
Nubian Transportation
Royal Women in Nubia
To get boats past the cataracts, Nubians constructed slipways along the river banks- troughlike roads filled with mud. Logs embedded every 18 inches or so in the slippery substance rotated easily, allowing the Nubians to drag their boats around the cataracts
In Nubia, kings inherited their royal status through their mothers. One king listed seven generations of female ancestors to prove he was royal enough to rule. At Meroe, women sometimes ruled independently.

25. Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture You do not need to write this!
Temples and Pyramids
Statues

26. You do not need to write this!
Nubia was also called - Upper & Lower Nubia, Kush, Land of Kush, Te-Nehesy, Nubadae, Napata, or the Kingdom of Meroei.

27. The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia
When Egypt controlled Kush, they had great cultural influence
Kush regained independence and they felt they should be in control of Egypt, not the Libyans

28. Piankhi Captures the Egyptian throne
Kushite king, Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan dynasty
United Nile Valley
Short dynasty, taken over by the Assyrians

29. The Golden Age of Meroe
After being defeated, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe
Meroe became a major trading center

30. The Wealth of Kush Differences between Egypt and Meroe
Meroe had rainfall
Meroe had abundant supplies of iron ore

31. The Decline of Meroe Meroe declined
Kingdom of Aksum dominated trade and defeated the Meroe
Assyria will come to dominate Egypt

32. Who was in Control? Egypt (2x’s) Libya Assyrians (2x’s) Kush Aksum
Hyksos
Egypt
Hyksos
Egypt (broken into parts)
Libya
Kush (Piankhi)
Assyrians
Aksum takes over Meroi where the Kush went to