1. 3RD Grade Science Chapter 4
HEAT
3RD Grade Science
Chapter 4

2. Essential Questions What is heat and how is it measured?
How does thermal energy move?
How is thermal energy used?

3. Vocabulary Preview Temperature Celsius Thermal energy Heat Conductor
Insulator
Insulation
friction

4. What is temperature? How is it measured?
Temperature – how hot or cold something is
Temperature can be measured with a thermometer
Temperature can be measured on two scales:
Fahrenheit
Celcius

5. Celsius Scientists usually use the Celsius scale
Water boils at 100 degrees C and it freezes at 0 degrees C

6. Thermal Energy and Heat
Thermal Energy – the form of energy that moves particles of matter
If particles are moving very fast – the temperature is high, and the particles have more energy
The movement of thermal energy is called heat
Thermal energy flows from hotter to cooler objects

7. Questions:
What happens when you heat up a solid – such as an ice cube?
What happens when you heat up a liquid?

8. Controlling Thermal Energy in our bodies:
Sweating – as the sweat on your skin begin to change into a gas – it carries heat AWAY from your body. This makes you feel cooler.
Shivering: If you get too cold – you may shiver. This motion helps warm you up
People use sweating and shivering to help control their body temperatures

9. Controlling Temperature:
People use a thermostat to control the temperature in a room
Heat
Air-conditioning

10. How Does Thermal Energy Move?
There are 3 ways that thermal energy can move:
1. Thermal energy can move from one particle to another in a solid
2. Thermal energy can travel through space.
3. Particles of a gas or liquid can carry thermal energy from one place to another.

11. Conduction and Conductors
Conduction: the movement of thermal energy between objects that touch each other.
Example: When you cook food in a pan on the stove, heat moves from the burner to the pan, to the food by conduction.

12. Conductors
Conductor: an object that thermal energy can move through easily
A pan is used for cooking because it is made of metal – such as iron or copper
Thermal energy moves easily through most metals

13. Insulators Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct heat well
Example: When you pick up a hot pan, you use a potholder.
Wood, cloth, and plastic are good insulators
Air is a good insulator too.

14. Insulation
Insulation is a material that is used to slow the movement of heat.
Insulation may be found in:
Walls of your home
A thick jacket
Thermos or cooler

15. **Thermal energy moves from WARMER objects to COOLER objects
In winter, insulation helps keeps warm air inside a home
In summer, insulation helps keep hot air from getting into the home

16. How is Thermal Energy Used?
Friction – a force between moving objects
Friction slows the moving objects and produces heat
What are some examples of friction?

17. Ways we use Thermal Energy
Sitting by a fire to get worm
Taking a warm shower or bath – thermal energy is used to heat the water
Solar panels on homes

18. Ways thermal energy can be produced:
from electricity
mixing of chemicals

19. Vocabulary Review
Temperature – the measure of how hot or cold something is
Celsius – the metric scale for measuring temperature
Thermal energy – the form of energy that moves particles of matter
Heat – the movement of thermal energy from hotter to cooler objects
Conductor – an object that heat can move through easily

20. Vocab. Review Cont.
Conduction – the movement of heat between objects that are touching each other
Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct heat well
Insulation – material used to slow the movement of heat
Friction – a force between two objects that slows the objects and produces heat.

21. Review – Answer the following questions:
What is heat and how is it measured?
How does thermal energy move?
How is thermal energy used?