1. It is application of interconnected set of principles and methods to minimize the problem caused by insects, diseases, weeds and others agricultural pests. What is IPM? Pest protection technique. Bio-control methods Pest attractants and repellants Synthetic organic pesticides Cultural practices in cultivation Pest monitoring methods Pest resistant plant varieties Use of Bio-pesticides Weather data for prediction of pest attack IPM Techniques Includes

2. 1. Cultural method Tillage Practices Sanitation and Weed Control Destruction of Crop Residues Sowing time and Spacing Land Preparation and Fertilizer Management. Water Management Land Preparation Tools of IPM Weed Control

3. 1. Cultural method Pest Resistant Varieties Rice: IR-20, Vani Cultivar resistant to Leaf hopper. Mango: Baneshan, Neeleshan Cultivar resistant to Leaf Hoppers. Tomato: BT-1, T-32, T-27 Cultivar resistant to Fruit borer. j.Crop Rotation Rice- Legume- Vegetables (Rice gall midge) Sugarcane/ Chilies- Tobacco (White ants) k.Use of Trap Crop Main CropTrap cropPest CucurbitSun hempFruit Fly VegetableMarigoldNematode

4. Insects are directly hit by mechanical devices and lifecycle is hampered Hand picking Beating and hooking Sieving and winnowing Clipping Using nets and bag nets Swatting and crushing Brushing and sweeping Burning, Flooding and draining Flooding Practice to Control Pest 2.Mechanical Methods

5. Sound: Ultrasonic waves Heat and Radiation Cold and Moisture Light: light trap Air Pressure: increasing Carbon di-oxide in store house 3. Physical Methods Light Trap

6. a. Use of Botanical Insecticides Pyrethrin from Chrysanthemum Nicotine from Tobacco Azadirachtin from Neem Rotenone from Derris elliptica 4. Chemical Method

7. Mustard oil / Turmeric powder water: Mosquito Fire / smoke: Mosquito Dimethyl Phthalate: Insect Mustard OilTurmeric Powder b. Repellants

8. Examples: Diflubenzuron, Triflumuron, Azadirachtin, etc. c. Insect Growth Regulators d. Chemical Insecticide

9. Allomones: Ants, bees and beetles. Kairomones: Hymenoptera Pheromones: Noctuidera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera, etc. Natural Food Lures: Floral scents: Nectar Feeding Pest Essential oils: Phytophagus Insect Decomposing products: Scavengers f. New Generation Chemicals NeonicotinoidesFormamidinesNereistoxin AvermectinsPyrroleQuinazoline e. Insect Attractant Pheromone Trap

10. a.Predator: Birds, Snakes and other Reptiles b.Parasitoids: Trichogramma, Cotesia, Isotima, etc. c.Pathogens i. Ingested microbes: Bacteria: Bacillus, Psedomonas, etc. Viruses: Nuclear & Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus Protozoa: Adelina triboli, Muttesia, etc. ii. Penetrating microbes Fungi: Aspergillus, Verticillium, etc. Nematodes: Tripius, Mermis, etc. 5. Biological Methods

11. a.Identification of Parasites/Pathogens/Predators: e.g. Lady Bird Beetle, Mexican Beetle b.Monitoring genetic variation in natural enemy population: e.g. BT Cotton, BT Brinjal, etc. c.Production of transgenic plants: e.g. Tomato, Brinjal, etc. d.Create Pesticide resistance in Bio-control agent e.Genetic engineering of beneficial organisms 6. Biotechnological Methods