1. HIST 2509 A History of Germany Lecture 13-2 Germany at the Fin-de-Siècle

2. The Augsburg Zoo Affair 2005

3. Today’s Main Themes Understanding “modernity.” An antidote to authoritarianism? The multiple Germanys. Antecedents to Weimar and Nazi Germany.

4. I. Modernity and Its Discontents Wilhelmine Germany -paradoxes, contrasts, and contradictions -politically, socially fractured -competing agendas and ways of life: traditionalism, authoritarianism, and modernity

5. Die Hüldegung Wilhelm I, by Paul Bürde 1871 German Historical Museum, Berlin Traditionalism

6. The Siegesallee in Berlin’s Tiergarten Max Missmann, 1905 German Historical Museum, Berlin Authoritarianism

7. Life in Poverty in Berlin, 1910 German Historical Museum, Berlin The depths of poverty

8. Swimsuit Fashions, 1913 German Historical Museum, Berlin The height of modernity

9. II. Mass Politics and Culture Pan-German League Navy League support for naval race

10. Berlin Germania Football Squad, 1898 German Historical Museum, Berlin

11. The Panopticon -- 1913 -- “in their re-created villages” High and low culture: mass spectacle

12. Die Völkerschau der Samoaner 1910, Dresden Zoo. Acting the Part

13. III. Literature, Art, and Society 1)establishment culture 2)anti-bourgeois expression 3)literary opposition, theater, cabaret 4)painting and sculpture 5)music

14. 1) establishment culture elitist, status, station hero-worship sentimentality Berlin Cathedral, 1898 German Historical Museum

15. 2) anti-bourgeois expression SPD-driven cultural movements -Volkshochschule “people’s schools” -Käthe Kollwitz, Gerhard Hauptmann -Heinrich Mann and education Clara Zetkin (1871-1933) Socialist-feminist, teacher, and MP

16. 2) anti-bourgeois expression Middle-class movements -the Wandervogel (wandering birds) -Karl Fischer and Hans Breuer Der Zupfgeigenhansl (Guitarist’s Companion)

17. More wandering birds….

18. -anti-materialism -anti-bourgeois -sometimes anti-semitic -anti-war -Hohen Meissen 1913 re-enactment of Battle of Nations 1813

19. Nudism and FKK Freiekörperkultur -health, sport, beauty, freedom nakididity

20. Back to the land artist colony in Worpswede, 1898 -- Heinrich Vogeler

21. Desire, 1908, also by Vogeler

22. 3) literary opposition, theater, cabaret -the press Simplizissimus (The Simpleton) 1892 Der Wahre Jacob (The Real McCoy) Zukunft (Future) -Maximilian Harden, “the table,” and the Eulenberg Affair

23. 3) literary opposition, theater, cabaret -Trivialliteratur, Schundliteratur (the yellow press) -romance novels -from highbrow to lowbrow -science fiction, mystical, erotica -prostitutes, city life, decline of middle class

24. Theater Max Reinhardt’s Deutsches Theater -naturalism (socially critical Theater -- The Weavers 1893) -socialist Freie Volksbühne (people’s stage)

25. cabaret

26. 4) Painting, sculpture “this was the taste of an age that had no taste” -a turn away from naturalism and sentimentalism -1894 Munich seccessionism -paved way for impressionism (1860-1900) and expressionism (1900-1910) -and Jugendstil or art nouveau

27. Impressionism -Monet

28. Expressionism -Emil Nolde’s The Dancers 1910 -Klimt’s JugendstilKlimt’s Jugendstil

29. -from the sentimentalism of Wagner’s operas to avant guard and experimental -Arnold Schoenberg’s atonalityArnold Schoenberg’s atonality 5) music

30. IV. Sexual Science and the Unconscious a.Freud and psychoanalysis b.sexology -Krafft-Ebing, Hirschfeld, and the third sex -companionate marriage and repeal of anti- sodomy legislation

31. Advice manuals, magazines, self help guides anything but Victorian values

32. V. The Balance Sheet Literature, art, society between traditionalism and modernity Not turn inward, but intensely political Weimar, Nazi cultural and political antecedents Alongside authoritarianism stood powerful critique of society **how will 1914 affect these voices of opposition?