1. The Safeways Model for Leveraging Law Enforcement with Community Building and Long Term Crime Prevention in Memphis and Shelby County Long Term Crime Prevention in Memphis and Shelby County Crime, Victimization, and Social Equity NNIP Oakland 2010

2. Richard Janikowski Center for Community Criminology and Research University of Memphis Phyllis Betts Center for Community Building and Neighborhood Action and InfoWorks Memphis University of Memphis

3. Crime Victimization is an Equity Issue Victims of street crime are disproportionately low income/poor and minority Victims of street crime are disproportionately low income/poor and minority National Crime Victimization Survey National Crime Victimization Survey Crime and victimization are disproportionately distributed among urban neighborhoods Crime and victimization are disproportionately distributed among urban neighborhoods Reducing the probability of victimization and confronting disparities requires geographically focused crime reduction efforts Reducing the probability of victimization and confronting disparities requires geographically focused crime reduction efforts But... geographically focused efforts raise specter of racial profiling, harassment, and disparate enforcement impact on minority communities But... geographically focused efforts raise specter of racial profiling, harassment, and disparate enforcement impact on minority communities

4. Thinking about Equity Equity Issue 1: Traditional law enforcement institutions and tactics are fraught with inequity Equity Issue 1: Traditional law enforcement institutions and tactics are fraught with inequity Crime suppression has disparate impact on poor and minority communities Crime suppression has disparate impact on poor and minority communities Equity Issue 2: Law enforcement has traditionally provided better service to more affluent neighborhoods Equity Issue 2: Law enforcement has traditionally provided better service to more affluent neighborhoods Too little attention to victimization in poor and minority neighborhoods Too little attention to victimization in poor and minority neighborhoods

5. A Note on Child Victimization High crime areas are child-rich High crime areas are child-rich Children’s exposure to violence highly consequential for child development and long term crime prevention Children’s exposure to violence highly consequential for child development and long term crime prevention Memphis: High Probability of Child Exposure to Violence Children Under 5Children 5-17 Census Tracts High in Violent Crime # children% of all children # children% of all children Top 10%13,07021.5%36,29421.3% Top 20%21,38135.1%59,04634.7%

6. Equity Issue 1 Dominates progressive discourse Dominates progressive discourse Law enforcement does not address root causes of crime Law enforcement does not address root causes of crime Substantive long term crime prevention requires Substantive long term crime prevention requires Ending racial discrimination and racial profiling Ending racial discrimination and racial profiling Eradicating poverty and expanding economic opportunity Eradicating poverty and expanding economic opportunity Equalizing education and youth development opportunities Equalizing education and youth development opportunities Alternatives to traditional law enforcement: diversion, rehabilitation, and restorative justice Alternatives to traditional law enforcement: diversion, rehabilitation, and restorative justice

7. Equity Issue 2 What is the appropriate response to demands for safer neighborhoods among poor and minority communities? What is the appropriate response to demands for safer neighborhoods among poor and minority communities? Can you succeed with longer term crime prevention without elements of crime suppression? Can you succeed with longer term crime prevention without elements of crime suppression? Our answer: No Our answer: No Can you provide law enforcement that is also responsive to Equity Issue 1? Can you provide law enforcement that is also responsive to Equity Issue 1? Our answer: Yes Our answer: Yes

8. Safeways Model Basics “Public Health” approach to community safety “Public Health” approach to community safety  Tertiary suppression (arrest, prosecution, and disruption of criminal activity and criminal economy and removal of negative role models)  Secondary intervention (diversion and rehab as appropriate)  Primary prevention (comprehensive developmental alternatives to delinquency and criminal behavior)  Safer communities now: a prerequisite for longer term prevention

9. Map 1: 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group

10. Map 61: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

11. Map 62: January – June 2008 Frequency of Part 1 Offenses by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

12. 12 MPD TASKFORCE OPERATIONS SCSO WARRANT SWEEPS MPD DART TEAM SCSO OPERATIONS OCU, CAT & PSN 2006:2009 Crime % Change: -33% 2006:2009 Violent Crime% Change: -28% Homicides- 8/yr to 2/yr 2006:2009 Property Crime % Change: - 57%

13. Map 72: January – June 2008 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

14. Map 74: January – June 2009 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

15. Map 76: January – June 2010 Part 1 Crime Rate per 1000 by Census Block Group with Apartment Overlay

18. 18 RESULTS OCU Operation Precinct Taskforce Social Services

19. Safeways Model Operating Assumptions Apartment communities are neighborhoods with risks and assets Apartment communities are neighborhoods with risks and assets Risks in too many apartment communities, especially lower income, are growing and victimization is increasining Risks in too many apartment communities, especially lower income, are growing and victimization is increasining Apartment communities typically lack the cohesion and commitment typical of homeowner-dominated neighborhoods Apartment communities typically lack the cohesion and commitment typical of homeowner-dominated neighborhoods Multi-family business model does not necessary require long term commitment to quality and/or... Multi-family business model does not necessary require long term commitment to quality and/or... Owners and managers may be unaware of strategies that could reduce crime and enhance quality of life for apartment residents Owners and managers may be unaware of strategies that could reduce crime and enhance quality of life for apartment residents Reducing victimization in apartment communities requires strategic combination of law enforcement and longer term equity building Reducing victimization in apartment communities requires strategic combination of law enforcement and longer term equity building

20. Law Enforcement Partners Apartment Ownership and Management Special Project Partners Data Partners Community Action Partnership-CDC

21. Safeways Basics: Guiding Principles Organizing apartment managers and residents to work with law enforcement interventions Organizing apartment managers and residents to work with law enforcement interventions Best practices training and technical assistance for people and place management Best practices training and technical assistance for people and place management Linkages for site-based services/initiatives Linkages for site-based services/initiatives Resident capacity building → community building Resident capacity building → community building

22. 22 Reaching Families Where They Live: Peacemaking Circles at Autumn Ridge

23. Safeways Basics: Data Data-driven: from Blue CRUSH to TRAC to RTCC to CBANA-InfoWorks Memphis Neighborhood Risk Index for Community Safety Data-driven: from Blue CRUSH to TRAC to RTCC to CBANA-InfoWorks Memphis Neighborhood Risk Index for Community Safety Multi-Family Safety Audit Multi-Family Safety Audit One Year Crime Analysis One Year Crime Analysis Broken Windows and CPTED Broken Windows and CPTED Place Management Policies Review Place Management Policies Review Resident Services Analysis Resident Services Analysis Customized Intervention Plan Customized Intervention Plan

24. Next Steps Finalize Safeways Apartment Community Certification business model and replicate city-wide: buy-in from City of Memphis and Shelby County Finalize Safeways Apartment Community Certification business model and replicate city-wide: buy-in from City of Memphis and Shelby County Develop Mandated Crime Reduction Program for nuisance properties and Rental Quality Assurance training for aspiring Safeways properties: City-County and District Attorney General Develop Mandated Crime Reduction Program for nuisance properties and Rental Quality Assurance training for aspiring Safeways properties: City-County and District Attorney General Build the local capacity to deliver site-based resident services through the Safeways best practices model and the Powerlines capacity-building network Build the local capacity to deliver site-based resident services through the Safeways best practices model and the Powerlines capacity-building network Leverage other efforts with Community Action Partnership (CAP) in Southeast Memphis and Frayser-Raleigh: toward comprehensive community stabilization Leverage other efforts with Community Action Partnership (CAP) in Southeast Memphis and Frayser-Raleigh: toward comprehensive community stabilization

25. Safeways Model Replication Team: Data-driven Interventions to Reach Families Where They Live Southeast Mempis CDC Southeast Mempis CDC Powerlines Site-Based Services Collaborative Powerlines Site-Based Services Collaborative LEDIC Asset Management LEDIC Asset Management Center for Community Building and Neighborhood Action and Center for Community Criminology and Research Center for Community Building and Neighborhood Action and Center for Community Criminology and Research And coming on board... Mayor AC Wharton And coming on board... Mayor AC Wharton

26. Safeways Law Enforcement Partners Memphis Police Department and Shelby County Sheriff’s Department Memphis Police Department and Shelby County Sheriff’s Department District Attorney General and US Attorney District Attorney General and US Attorney Memphis Shelby Crime Commission and Operation Safe Community Memphis Shelby Crime Commission and Operation Safe Community Cannot do this without them! Cannot do this without them!

27. Other Project Partners JustCare 180 and JustCare Family Network early intervention for youth JustCare 180 and JustCare Family Network early intervention for youth Bridges “PeaceJam” Initiative Bridges “PeaceJam” Initiative Turning Point Partners Restorative Justice Circles Turning Point Partners Restorative Justice Circles Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence Southeast Regional District Memphis City Schools Truancy Initiative Southeast Regional District Memphis City Schools Truancy Initiative Clean Memphis neighborhood clean-up, youth development and leadership, and Building 2 Live summer camp on environmental and neighborhood issues (recreation, education, and workforce development) Clean Memphis neighborhood clean-up, youth development and leadership, and Building 2 Live summer camp on environmental and neighborhood issues (recreation, education, and workforce development) Healthy Memphis Common Table Healthy Memphis Common Table Early Success Coalition Early Success Coalition Operation Safe Community Prisoner Re-Entry Initiative Operation Safe Community Prisoner Re-Entry Initiative And the list is growing... And the list is growing...