1. Feedback on Work-Place Based Assessment (WPBA) Barnsley 24 May 2011

2. WPBA: Case-based Discussion (CbD) Consultation Observation Tool (COT) Multi-Source Feedback (MSF) Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) Clinical Supervisors Report (CSR) Mini-CEX ePortfolio

3. The importance of feedback Always popular with GPRs Generic skill  Education  Consulting  Life Good fit with rules of adult learning

4. Key principles of adult learning (RCGP Learning and Teaching Guide 2008) 1.Self direction 2.Experiential 3.Needs-based 4.Problem centred

5. When to use feedback Debriefing after clinical episodes or encounters Significant events: the after-discussion Educational review meetings: COT, CbD etc After any situation where the registrar has learned something

6. When not to use feedback Medical urgency ‘Wally’ factor Registrar not ready to learn (Keep the feedback until later)

7. A quotation: ‘Let no day pass without discussing goodness’ Socrates – The Apology

8. Another quotation: ‘Seek ye first the good things of the mind, and the rest will either be supplied or its loss will not be felt’ Francis Bacon

9. Principles of feedback [1] (Middleton and Field. The GP Trainer’s Handbook, 2001) Owned (‘I’ not ‘we’) NOT Implied Planned NOT Impulsive Honest NOT Collusive Valid NOT Irrelevant (c.f. shared agenda) Concerned NOT Destructive Specific NOT Vague Behaviour NOT Person

10. Principles of feedback [2] Observation NOT Inference Sooner NOT Later Descriptive NOT Judgemental Sharing ideas NOT Giving advice Exploring alternatives NOT Providing answers Good things NOT Only bad things

11. The ‘drug’ feedback (ibid) Feedback should be used: At the right time At the right dose With clarity and accuracy When indicated With the registrar’s concordance With follow-up for the registrar’s benefit

12. The feedback sandwich (ibid) The meat of constructive criticism… should be sandwiched between… two layers of positive comment

13. Generic feedback models ALOBA (Agenda-Led Outcome-Based Analysis) 12 step approach (Kurtz, Silverman and Draper. Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine, 2005) Pendleton 4 step approach (Pendleton et al. The Consultation, 1984)

14. ALOBA 1 Organising the feedback process: Start with the learner’s agenda Look at the outcomes the learner is trying to achieve Encourage self-assessment and self problem- solving first In a group setting, involve the whole group in problem solving

15. ALOBA 2 Giving useful feedback Use descriptive feedback – encourage a non- judgemental approach Provide balanced feedback Make suggestions rather than prescriptive comments

16. ALOBA 3 Consolidating the feedback Rehearse suggestions Be well intentioned, valuing and supportive In group settings, encourage others to ‘take the spotlight’ in rehearsing skills Opportunistically introduce theory, research evidence and wider discussion

17. ALOBA 4 Summarising learning A constructive end point is reached

18. Pendleton’s Rules Clarify matters of fact The registrar goes first Good points first Recommendations, not criticisms

19. Areas for COT/CbD feedback Verbal comments on criteria and assessment Filling in the boxes:  ‘Feedback and recommendations for further development:’  ‘Agreed action:’

20. Verbal comments Observe ‘rules’ of feedback Refer to descriptors Justify grading, in particular:  If ‘Excellent’ explain why  If ‘Needs further development’ explain why, and recommendations for future development [if you don’t have ideas for future improvement, it isn't NFD]

21. Feedback and recommendations Thumbnail of case. Computer number Evidence to justify ‘E’ or ‘NFD’ Recommendations (how many?) – phrased as Aims

22. Agreed action Maximum of 2 (? - discuss) Phrased as Learning Objectives: SMART Transfer to PDP Checking achievement

23. Key Points It is not possible to give your GPStR too much feedback Try and think of something nice to say before putting the boot in If putting the boot in, criticise the behaviour not the person ALOBA is more impressive, but Pendleton is more practical

24. Take-home Message You too were once an ignorant incompetent GPStR…. …and just look at you now.

26. Your mission (should you choose to accept it…) Individually decide on grades, and why Small groups:  Share your grades and your reasons  Discuss content of verbal feedback  What will you put in the ‘Feedback and recommendations box?  What will you suggest for the ‘Agreed action’ box? Plenary