1. B/A 9/2 1. Explain the role of the church in the 4 th century. 2. Explain the manorial system.

2. Middle Ages and the Beginning of Germanic Kingdoms SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society and economics. Describe the political impact of Christianity’ include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV

3. Gregory I  590: Pope of Roman Catholic Church  Made Church secular Secular: subjects not related to religion  Gives church political power

4. Gregory I continued 2 ways church becomes secular: 1. Involves Church in politics 2. Uses Church’s money to repair roads, raise armies, help the poor, negotiate peace treaties

5. Charlemagne

6. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire  Carolingian Empire: rules Franks 751-987 rules from 771-814  Charlemagne is French for Charles the Great

7. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire continued  Rules after brother’s death  800 – Pope Leo III declares Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”. This solidified the idea of The Church, a Germanic kingdom, & Roman culture and ideas as one thing.

8. Charlemagne’s 5 Accomplishments 1. Spreads Christianity 2. Reunites Western Europe for the 1 st time since the Roman Empire 3. Strengthens royal power Limits noble’s authority 4. Encourages learning by Surrounds himself with English, Spanish, German and Italian learners  Opens a palace school 5. Orders monasteries to open schools Train future monks and priests

9. Charlemagne video

12. Charlemagne’s Death  3 grandsons fight for the throne  Leads to Treaty of Verdun Treaty of Verdun: divides Carolingian Empire into 3 kingdoms  Lothair: becomes Holy Roman Emperor Receives area of Italy, Low Countries, etc.  Charles the Bald: France  Louis the German: Germany

13. Impact of Treaty of Verdun  Carolingian kings lose power  Central authority breaks down  Leads to feudalism

15. SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500 CE.  d. Analyze the spread of the Mongol Empire; include the role of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan in developing the empire, the impact of the Mongols on Russia, China and the West, the development of trade, and European observations through the writings of Marco Polo.

16. Mongols  Nomads of the Asian steppe Steppe= vast belt of dry grassland Always on the move  Prided themselves on: Skill on horseback Discipline Ruthlessness Courage in battle For centuries, the Mongol people roamed in loosely organized clans

17. Genghis Khan  Mongol clan leader  United the Mongols into a force with the purpose of conquest  1206- accepted the title Genghis Khan (universal ruler) of the Mongol clans

18. Genghis Khan cont.  Over next 21 years, Genghis led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia  First goal was China then turned his attention to Islamic region to the west  By 1225, Central Asia was under Mongol control

19. Genghis Khan cont.  Characteristics for Genghis Khan’s success Brilliant organizer  Organized his warriors Gifted strategist  Confused his enemies Used cruelty as a weapon  Believed in terrifying his enemies into surrender  Ex- city refuse to open gates to him, he might kill the entire population when he finally captured it

20. Genghis Khan cont.  Genghis Khan died in 1227  Successors continued to expand his empire  In less than 50 years, Mongols conquered territory from China to Poland Created largest unified land empire in history

21. Kublai Khan  grandson of Genghis Khan  1260- assumed title Great Khan  Wanted to extend power and range of his khanate Fulfill goal of Genghis and conquer all of China

22. Mongol Rule in China  1279- Kublai Khan’s armies finally overwhelmed Chinese Foreigner ruled over entire country  Created Yuan Dynasty United China Opened China to greater foreign contacts and trade Tolerated Chinese culture and made few changes to system of government

23. Foreign Trade  Increased under Mongols Kublai Khan Chinese silk and porcelain= greatly valued in Europe and Western Asia Also printing, gunpowder, compass, paper currency, playing cards  Invited foreign merchants to visit China Muslims from India, Central Asia, and Persia and many European Traders

24. Marco Polo  Most famous European to visit China during these years Young Venetian trader  Traveled by caravan on the Silk Roads  Arrived in Kublai Khan’s court around 1275 Sent to various cities on government missions Served Kublai for 17 years 1292- left China and made journey back to Venice

25.  Captured and imprisoned and while in prison, told the full story of his travels and adventures China’s fabulous cities and fantastic wealth, Burning black stones (coal), Workings of the government and aspects of Chinese life Sparked surge in interest in the Far East among Europeans that led to a great age of exploration

26. BA 9/2 1. What is a trial by ordeal? 2. What were 4 ways Christianity spread? 3. Define monastery. Why were they created? 4. What 2 ways did Pope Gregory I make the Church more secular?

27. EA  What were 3 characteristics of Middle Ages?  Where did the Franks live?  Who was the leader of the Frankish kingdom?