1. Toxicology “The science of poisons” Catalina Marambio Jones Major lesson 3, May 30 th

2. Toxicology research Paracelsus (1493-1541) "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous.“ Orfila (1787-1853), father of the toxicology

3. Death of Socrates, painted by Jacques Louis David (1787)

4. Hemlock (Conium maculatum) coniine 100 mg can be fatal 6-8 fresh leaves or even less amount of seeds and roots

5. "The Death of Cleopatra," painted in 1892 by Reginald Arthur

6. Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) Injects 175-300 mg of venom in one bite. Stops nerve signals Respiratory failure in 10 min.

7. The Borgias in the italian Renaissance

8. “The Cantarella poison” Arsenic, copper, and phosphorus. Cantharidin Blistering agent and chemical burns. As little as 10 mg is potentially fatal.

9. TCDD poisoning

10. Chemical and biological warfare World war I World war II, Approximately 4 million people were murderer in gas chambers. Iran-Iraq war Genocide against the Kurdish people, approximately 5000 people were killed.

11. Toxicology in the news

14. Accidental poisoning in the news

15. "Toxicology is the study of the adverse physicochemical effects of chemical, physical or biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such adverse effects."

16. Risk assessment Reference: www.riskbites.com

17. First: what is the potential to cause harm ? Reference: www.riskbites.com

18. Second: are we in contact with the hazard?, how much? Reference: www.riskbites.com

19. Third: Connecting hazard and exposure Reference: www.riskbites.com

20. Fourth: Calculating the risk Reference: www.riskbites.com

21. Hazard

22. Hazard but no exposure Reference: http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxiq2rz8el1qkzk87o1_500.jpg

23. Hazard and exposure Reference: http://www.freakingnews.com/pictures/62000/Shark-Attacks-Sleeping-Surfer--62036.jpg

24. Dose response curve

27. How much is too much? -Dose response A bit of shark…….

28. A bit more……… How much is too much? -Dose response

29. Now you are playing with your luck…. How much is too much? -Dose response

30. Going over the threshold…… How much is too much? -Dose response

31. Finally a response!!!! How much is too much? -Dose response Reference: www.sharkmans-world.eu

32. Think-pair share 1. What is more toxic?

33. Think-pair share 2. What is the therapeutic index?

34. Experimental part Record: concentration and number of shrimp alive after exposure.

35. Questions? See you tomorrow!