1. National Gov’t and the States
Chapter 4 Section 2
National Gov’t and the States

2. Nations Obligations to the States
Article IV, Sec. 4
National Gov’t must, “protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.”

3. Nations Obligations to the States
Protect Against Invasion
When any state attacked, National Gov’t helps
Protect Against Domestic Violence
Help restore order (Troops)
Riots
Very rare (1967) (1968)
Usually only at request of Governor
But, if national laws broken, President can send troops

4. Nations Obligations to the States
Natural Disasters considered “domestic violence”
Storms
Floods
Drought
Forest fires
Remember Katrina Video…..

6. The Major Disaster Process
Step1: Local Government Responds, supplemented by neighboring communities and volunteer agencies. If overwhelmed, turn to the state for assistance; Step2: The State Responds with state resources, such as the National Guard and state agencies; Step3: Damage Assessment by local, state, federal, and volunteer organizations determines losses and recovery needs;

7. The Major Disaster Process
Step4: A Major Disaster Declaration is requested by the governor, based on the damage assessment, and an agreement to commit state funds and resources to the long-term recovery;
Step5: FEMA Evaluates the request and recommends action to the White House based on the disaster, the local community and the state's ability to recover;
Step6: The President approves the request or FEMA informs the governor it has been denied. This decision process could take a few hours or several weeks depending on the nature of the disaster.

8. States Integrity Protected in Constitution
Must recognize States legal existence and physical boundaries
Each state must have representation in the House and Senate
Each State has equal rep. (2) in the Senate

9. Admission of New States
Only Congress has power to do so
But, cannot create new State by taking land from a current State. (Unless ok with State’s legislature)
Only 5 times
37 new States (13 original colonies)
Process
1. Territory asks
2. Congress approves
3. Territory makes Constitution (Enabling Act)
4. Congress approves (Act of Admission)
5. President signs Act of Admission

10. Admission of New States
Conditions
Before Act of Admission, certain conditions sometimes set out
Utah (Polygamy)
Alaska (Native American lands)
Arizona (Judge Removal)

11. Federal Grants Grants to States Grants-In-Aid Programs (500)
For everyday functions in States
For education, mass transit, highway construction, health care, on-the-job training, etc.
Money comes from????

12. Federal Grants YOU! (Taxes) Congress has this power
About $275 billion (25% of state and local spending)
What does this mean?
More Federal Gov’t power ($ talks)
No Child Left Behind

14. Types of Federal Grants
Categorical Grants
Most frequent
Only used for specific purpose
Guidelines attached
School lunches, wastewater treatment plants
Block Grants
Broader purposes
Less guidelines
Health care, social services, welfare

15. Types of Federal Grants
Project Grants
For States, localities, private agencies
Apply for them
Support scientists (Cancer research, etc.)
Support job training, employee programs
Other Federal Aid
FBI helps State and local police
Army and air force equip and train each State’s National Guard

16. Types of Federal Grants
Revenue Sharing
Revenue from Federal Taxes given to states and local gov’t
No strings attached
(Reagan Administration ended it)
$83 billion total
Some want it back

17. States helping National Gov’t
Services performed for Federal Gov’t
Elections
Financed and regulated by States and local gov’t
Aliens who become citizens (Naturalization)
Takes place in state courts
Criminals of federal crimes
Held in local or state jails
Many more too