1. TAKE OUT A SHEET OF PAPER YOU WILL BE TAKING NOTES ON TODAY’S POWERPOINT- ALL NOTES WILL GO INTO THE LITERATURE SECTION OF YOUR BINDERS!!!

2. Part I Characterization

3. 1. Characterization Meaning – Characterization is the way writers develop characters in a story Two types – ◦ Direct Characterization ◦ Indirect Characterization Meaning – Characterization is the way writers develop characters in a story Two types – ◦ Direct Characterization ◦ Indirect Characterization

4. CharacterizationCharacterization How does detailed characterization help make a story better?  It seems to me that detailed characterization helps to make a story better because… How does detailed characterization help make a story better?  It seems to me that detailed characterization helps to make a story better because…

5. 2. Direct Characterization Meaning – when the writer directly tells the reader what a character is like Example: ◦ Sherlock Holmes is clever and resourceful. ◦ Dracula is an evil vampire. Meaning – when the writer directly tells the reader what a character is like Example: ◦ Sherlock Holmes is clever and resourceful. ◦ Dracula is an evil vampire.

6. 3. Indirect Characterization Meaning – When the writer gives the reader clues about the character by describing how the character acts and thinks. The writer allows the reader to decide how to view the character. Meaning – When the writer gives the reader clues about the character by describing how the character acts and thinks. The writer allows the reader to decide how to view the character.

7. Direct vs Indirect Characterization Why do you think it might be harder to understand indirect characterization than direct characterization?  It seems to me that it might be harder to understand indirect characterization than direct characterization because…

8. 4. Protagonist Meaning – the main character Example ◦ Alice from Alice in Wonderland ◦ Tarzan from Tarzan ◦ Cinderella from Cinderella Meaning – the main character Example ◦ Alice from Alice in Wonderland ◦ Tarzan from Tarzan ◦ Cinderella from Cinderella

9. ProtagonistProtagonist Who is the protagonist of your favorite book, movie, or story?  My favorite protagonist is the character ______. Who is the protagonist of your favorite book, movie, or story?  My favorite protagonist is the character ______.

10. 5. Antagonist Meaning – the character that the protagonist struggles against ◦ The “bad guy” Example: ◦ Captain Hook from Peter Pan ◦ The Big Bad Wolf from The Three Little Pigs Meaning – the character that the protagonist struggles against ◦ The “bad guy” Example: ◦ Captain Hook from Peter Pan ◦ The Big Bad Wolf from The Three Little Pigs

11. AntagonistAntagonist Who is an antagonist who you greatly dislike?  One antagonist who I greatly dislike is ______, because _________. Who is an antagonist who you greatly dislike?  One antagonist who I greatly dislike is ______, because _________.

12. 6. Subordinate Characters Meaning – characters who do not play major roles in a story Example: ◦ Extras in a movie ◦ The evil step-sisters from Cinderella Meaning – characters who do not play major roles in a story Example: ◦ Extras in a movie ◦ The evil step-sisters from Cinderella

13. 7. Motivations Meaning – the reason why a character does something Example: ◦ In Cinderella, the prince’s motivation for searching for the owner of the glass slipper is love. Meaning – the reason why a character does something Example: ◦ In Cinderella, the prince’s motivation for searching for the owner of the glass slipper is love.

14. 8. Round Characters Round characters are well developed characters. The author tells the reader a lot about the character.

15. Round Character In your opinion is a round character more likely to be a protagonist or a subordinate character?  In my opinion, a round character is more likely to be a ______________. In your opinion is a round character more likely to be a protagonist or a subordinate character?  In my opinion, a round character is more likely to be a ______________.

16. 9. Flat Characters Flat characters are not developed. Readers know very little about them. ◦ Usually a minor character Flat characters are not developed. Readers know very little about them. ◦ Usually a minor character

17. Flat Character In your opinion is a flat character more likely to be a protagonist or a subordinate character?  In my opinion, a flat character is more likely to be a ______________. In your opinion is a flat character more likely to be a protagonist or a subordinate character?  In my opinion, a flat character is more likely to be a ______________.

18. 11. Dynamic Character Meaning – a character who changes during the course of story. Often the change involves learning a major lesson Example: ◦ Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol learns to be more generous. Meaning – a character who changes during the course of story. Often the change involves learning a major lesson Example: ◦ Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol learns to be more generous.

19. 13. Static Character Meaning – A character who does not change during the story

20. An Idea About Life… Part II: How to Find the Theme

21. The subject is just the topic (which can be stated in a single word, such as love). The theme is the lesson about the subject. A theme should be expressed in a statement. The subject is just the topic (which can be stated in a single word, such as love). The theme is the lesson about the subject. A theme should be expressed in a statement. 1. The Theme is not the subject

22. Does the main character change? Does the main character realize something that he did not know before? Example ◦ How does Ebenezer Scrooge change in A Christmas Carol? Does the main character change? Does the main character realize something that he did not know before? Example ◦ How does Ebenezer Scrooge change in A Christmas Carol? 2. Think about how the Protagonist changes

23. The way a conflict is resolved often gives hints or clues about the theme. Example ◦ How is the conflict resolved in The Tortoise and the Hare? The way a conflict is resolved often gives hints or clues about the theme. Example ◦ How is the conflict resolved in The Tortoise and the Hare? 3. How is the conflict resolved?

24. Is there a clue in the title of the story? Example: ◦ What is a possible theme in The Boy Who Cried Wolf? Is there a clue in the title of the story? Example: ◦ What is a possible theme in The Boy Who Cried Wolf? 4.Think about the Title

25. Does your statement of the theme apply to the whole work and not just one part of it? 5. Test your statement of the theme

26. Different people often express the same theme in different words. People might have different opinions about the main theme. The best literary works often have more than one theme. Different people often express the same theme in different words. People might have different opinions about the main theme. The best literary works often have more than one theme. 6. Remember that there are different ways to state a theme.