1. Ch.18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1848-1854

2. C. Election of 1848 Taylor (W) Van Buren (FS) Cass (Dem.) Whigs and Democrats don’t ever talk about slavery on the campaign trail!

4. B. Gold & the ‘49ers!

5. Gold & the ‘49ers! 1. Life was hard! a. Violent b. discrimination 2. Rarely “struck it rich” 3. Providing for the miners = money maker 4. Big business dominate

6. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850  California Statehood  Southern “fire-eaters:”  those who threaten secession  Do not want compromise  Underground RR and fugitive slave issues  Personal liberty laws – federal agents not able to use local prisons as a way to hamper enforcement  Slave catchers efforts increase Harriet Tubman

7. Compromise of 1850

8. 1. California free state 2. Popular sovereignty for rest of territories 3. Fugitive Slave Laws strictly enforced – “Bloodhound Bill”  denied jury and testimonial on their own behalf  Northerners had to return runaways; furious 4. Slave trade, not slavery, abolished in D.C. 5. Disputed territory by NM and Tx goes to NM 6. Tx paid $10M

9. Fugitive Slave Law 1. Federal support to capture escaped slaves = Free AA move to Canada 2. Blacks not allowed to testify on their own behalf in court 3. Gave slave owners more power 4. North’s view: law reinforced that slavery was morally wrong

10. 1852 Presidential Election √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

11. 1852 Election Results

12. Election of 1852 Winfield Scott (Whig) vs. Franklin Pierce (Dem) Northern Dem. Irish and German vote for Pierce via “Boss” Tweed

13. Manifest Destiny under Pres. Pierce (‘53-’56) 1. Annexation of Cuba a. Ostend Manifesto Secrete plan to acquire Cuba from Spain since they wouldn’t sell Never happened due to abolitionist protest 2. Matthew Perry Negotiates trade with Japan

14. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 1850 Stipulated that the United States nor the British will try to position themselves for the purpose of colonization or canal

15. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 1. Northern states want the TRR = Need support of Southerners = 2. Allows for popular sovereignty 3. Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 4. Leads to “Bleeding Kansas”

16. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

17. “Squatters sovereignty”

18. What happens to the idea of “compromising” after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?