2. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9 Exercise Science Section 25: Exercise Science Section 25: Women in Sport

3. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. A Historical Overview  In late 19 th century women had to fight “feminine” ideals to participate in certain sports  Told that physical activity would be “harmful”  Inhibit ability to bear children  Physical education was not widely available to women  Dorothy Beale first crusader for female education  Mary G. Hamilton brought physical education to girls

4. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Women’s Amateur Athletic Federation  First national body where Canadian women could address sport issues and gain needed support  Encouraged women to participate in sports  Had more members than its male counterpart, the Amateur Athletic Union before outbreak of WWII  Merged with the Amateur Athletic Union after 37 years

5. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Pioneering Canadian Sportswomen  Alexandrine Gibb  Helped start Women’s Amatuer Athletic Federation (WAAF)  Served as first president to the WAAF  Fanny Rosenfeld  Named Canadian Woman Athlete for the Half-Century in 1949  Abby Hoffman  Former Olympic runner  First woman director of Sport Canada and first woman elected to Executive of Canadian Olympic Association

6. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Title IX and Its Aftermath  American legislation passed in 1972  Prohibits gender discrimination of any kind  Allows women and girls same sports and physical education opportunities as for men  Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms passed in 1982 sets out similar laws  Before Title IX, no athletic college scholarships for women  Ratio now much closer between sexes  Affects Canadian women seeking U.S. scholarship

7. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Women in Sport Today  Chantel Petitclerc  Won two gold and three silver medals at Paralympic Games in 1996  Clara Hughes  Competed in both Winter and Summer Olympics  Two bronze medals in cycling; one bronze medal in speed skating  Scott Tournament of Hearts  Colleen Jones  First woman to win championship five times  Won world title in 2001  Sandra Schmirler  Won three Canadian and three world titles  Won gold medal at Winter Olympics in 1998  First Olympics when curling was a medal sport

8. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Women in Sport Today – cont’d  Team Canada Hockey  Won gold at every Women’s World Hockey Championships  Won silver at Winter Olympics in 1998  Won gold at Winter Olympics in 2002  Success led Canadian Hockey Association to create National Women’s Under 22 Team in 1999  Women’s Under 19 National Soccer Team  Played in final game of first Under-19 World Champioships in 2002  Alison Sydor  Won silver medal in mountain biking in Summer Olympics in 1996

9. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Women in Leadership Positions  Gender representation in leadership positions in sports (i.e., coaches, officials, committee, league, or tournament members) men still disproportionately favour men  Not enough female officials in any sport league  Professional female leagues have difficulty finding female officials for games  Sonia Denoncourt  First Canadian woman to officiate an “A” level international men’s soccer game  Appointed as one of three first-time women officials by FIFA

10. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Women in Leadership Positions – cont’d  Daniele Sauvageau  Head coach of 2002 Olympic gold medal women’s hockey team  Carol Anne Letheren  International Olympic Committee member  Director of Canadian Olympic Association in 1981  Member of IOC Coordinating Committee for 2002 Games

11. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Media and Women’s Sports  Media coverage of women’s sports has not increased  Media sending message that women’s accomplishments are unimportant compared to men’s  Young girls have difficulty finding female athletic role models  Tendency to focus on appearance of female athlete rather than skill and talent  Female sports broadcasters were initially hired on appearance  Not readily welcomed in locker rooms for post-game interviews

12. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Body Image  Pressure to look a certain way more than ever before  Many believe pressure originates from images of women in the media  Unrealistic expectations sometimes lead to unhealthy diets, eating disorders, and excessive exercise  “The Beauty Myth”  Girls beginning to develop unrealistic beauty images at young ages  Serious health risks due to pressure to be thin  Many do not recognize when risks become dangerous

13. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Female Triad  Syndrome that includes:  Disordered eating habits  Amenorrhea  Osteoporosis  Syndrome related to unique cultural and social pressures in our society  Early identification and intervention are key

14. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. CAAWS  Canadian Association for the advancement of Women in Sport  Founded in 1981 as a non-profit organization  Promote sports and physical activity for women  Works to gain gender equality in sports  Many programs such as:  On the Move  ACTive  Girls @ Play

15. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.