1. Culturally Nuanced Learning: Racial Microaggressions Nolan Zane, Ph.D. & Yvette Flores, Ph.D. University of California, Davis

2. RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS In business, the term “microinequities” is a term used to describe the pattern of being overlooked, under- respected, and devalued because of one’s race, ethnicity, or gender. In business, the term “microinequities” is a term used to describe the pattern of being overlooked, under- respected, and devalued because of one’s race, ethnicity, or gender. Microagressions are subtle, often automatic exchanges which are “put downs” and invalidations of ones’ racial or ethnic experiences. Microagressions are subtle, often automatic exchanges which are “put downs” and invalidations of ones’ racial or ethnic experiences.

3. RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS These exchanges are so pervasive and automatic in daily conversations. They are often dismissed and glossed over as being innocent and innocuous. These exchanges are so pervasive and automatic in daily conversations. They are often dismissed and glossed over as being innocent and innocuous. They occur because the racial reality of people of color is different from the racial reality of White Americans. They occur because the racial reality of people of color is different from the racial reality of White Americans. They are detrimental to persons of color because microaggressions impair performance in the workplace, in the classroom, and in other settings by sapping the motivation and energy of recipients and by creating racial and ethnic inequities. They are detrimental to persons of color because microaggressions impair performance in the workplace, in the classroom, and in other settings by sapping the motivation and energy of recipients and by creating racial and ethnic inequities.

4. Examples of Racial Microaggressions ThemesMicroaggressionMessage Alien in Own Land When Asian Americans and Latino Americans are assumed to be foreign-born. “Where are you from?” “Your English is excellent.” Mispronounce ethnic names. Make no attempt to learn how to pronounce name correctly. “Do you speak Chinese?” You are not American. You are a foreigner. Pathologizing Cultural Values/Communication Styles The notion that the values and communications styles of the dominant/White culture are ideal. Asking a Black person: “Why do you have to be so loud? Just calm down.” To an Asian or Latino person: “Why are you so quiet? We want to know what you think.” “Speak up more.” Dismissing an individual who brings up race/culture in work/school setting. Assimilate to dominant culture. Leave your cultural baggage outside.

5. ThemesMicroaggressionMessage Ascription of Stereotypes Applying stereotypes of people of color that have no foundation. Asian students not chosen for team captain in PE class. Telling an Asian female: “You don’t have to worry about your weight.” You can’t play sports as well as other students. You don’t know what it is like to have to work to stay fit. Second Class Citizen Occurs when a White person is given preferential treatment over a person of color. Person of color mistaken for a service worker. Having a taxicab pass a person of color and pick up a White passenger. On a bus, Whites passing by persons of color to sit next to a White person. People of color are servants to Whites and couldn’t possibly occupy high status positions. You are likely to cause trouble and/or travel to a dangerous neighborhood. I don’t feel comfortable sitting next to you. Ascription of Intelligence Assigning intelligence to a person of color based on their race. “You are so articulate.” Asking an Asian person to help with a math or science problem. It is unusual for someone of your race to be intelligent. All Asians are intelligent and good in math/sciences.

6. Examples of Racial Microaggressions ThemesMicroaggressionMessage Color Blindness Statements that indicate that a White person does not want to acknowledge race. “America is a Melting Pot.” “There is only one race, the human race.” Assimilate/acculturate to dominant culture. Denying the individual as a racial/cultural being. Criminality/Assumption of Criminal Status A person of color is presumed to be dangerous, criminal, or deviant based on their race. A White man or woman clutching their purse or checking their wallet as a Black or Latino approaches or passes. Yelling at and/or punishing a group of Black students ‘loitering’ outside but not the White ones. You are a criminal. You are probably selling or doing drugs. Source: Sue, D.W. (2007). Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life. American Psychologist, 62, 276-277.