1. Journal Impact Factors and the Author h-index:
Arife Ahsen Kaplan
MSc Student
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Medical School
Histology and Embryology
Samsun, Turkey
Firstly, I would like to thank to this great atmosphere, participants, and State University of Zanzibar members. Also, I would like to thank to Professor Kaplan for giving this chance to be here with you.
I will talk about the Journal Impact Factors and the Author h-index.

2. Contents Journal Impact Factors: H index Why? Where? What?
Other Journal Ranking Factors
H index
My presentation consist of two main part, Journal İmpact factors and the second one is H index.
İ will mention about why journal impact factors are important, where we can attain impact factor information, and What is the impact factor. Thirdly, I will mention other journal ranking factors
Finally, I will talk about you What is H index, what is the importance of H index for academics. * **

3. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
Evaluate the scholarly worth of a journal
Rank journals within a discipline
Help you decide where to publish your article for maximum impact
Evaluation for promotion / tenure / grants, or in some countries, even government funding of an institution
Academic scientists’ career is based on publication in scholarly journals. For this reason, impact factor of journals is needed for evaluating the scholarly worth of a journal.
İmpact factor values provides ranking journals within a discipline.
Therefore, help you decide where to publish your article for maximum impact.
Impact factor can be used as evaluation for promotion / tenure / grants, or in some countries, even government funding of an institution

4. In England, hiring panels routinely consider impact factors
By Spanish law, researchers are rewarded for publishing in journals defined by ISI as prestigious (upper third of impact factor listings)
In China, scientists get cash bonuses for publishing in high-impact journals. In some schools, physics students must publish at least 2 articles with a combined Impact Factor of 4 to get their PhD
There are some examples about the worth of impact factor on scientists.
In England, hiring panels routinely consider impact factors
By Spanish law, researchers are rewarded for publishing in journals defined by ISI as prestigious (upper third of impact factor listings)
In China, scientists get cash bonuses for publishing in high-impact journals. In some schools, physics students must publish at least 2 articles with a combined Impact Factor of 4 to get their PhD

5. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
Where do we find Impact Factors?
Impact factors are listed in Journal Citation Reports JCR)
The second part is where we find Impact Factors?
Impact factors are listed in Journal Citation Reports JCR) from the Web of Science
You can easily get to the Journal Citation Reports JCR from the Web of Science
There is a Journal Citatiton Reports button on home page of Web of science website. This button directs to a new page to reach citation reports.

6. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
You can report journal citation in the page.
Options are selected, then submitted.

7. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
Journal citation reports are listed in this page.
Journals are listed in a table, the table consist of information from JCR data and Eingenfactor Metrics.
Total Cites, ImpactFactor, 5-Year Impact Factor, Immediacy Index, Articles, Cited Half-life values are listed in the table.
You can reach impact factor of journals easily from there.

8. Web of Science®
Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) has one, huge database, Web of Science, that…
Indexes selected journals > 8,000 science; > 3,000 social science journals; > 1,800 Arts & Humanities
Activity: Search for an article in your field that has been highly cited.
Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) has one and huge database which is Web of Science There are 8,000 science and 3,000 social science journals in web of science indexes
There are also 1,800 Arts and Humanities journals.
You can also used searching an article in your field that has been highly cited.

9. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
What is the Journal Impact Factor?
How is it calculated?
E.g.,
Calculating the 2009 Journal Impact factor for the journal Cell =
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*Only references in articles within the ~13,000 journals indexed in Web of Science are counted; does not include citations that may cite the articles in Cell from book chapters, proceedings, or other journals that are not indexed in Web of Science
* * Citable articles are just research articles and reviews – not news articles, commentary, etc.
What is the Journal Impact Factor?
How is it calculated?
For example, lets calculate the impact factor of CELL in
Number of times articles or other items published in Cell during 2007 & 2008 were cited in indexed journals* during 2009 is divided with Number of “citable” articles** published in Cell in 2007 & 2008
Only references in articles within the ~13,000 journals indexed in Web of Science are counted; does not include citations that may cite the articles in Cell from book chapters, proceedings, or other journals that are not indexed in Web of Science
Citable articles are just research articles and reviews – not news articles

10. Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What?
That is:
Cites in 2009 to items published in = = 22087     
Number of items published in Cell in = = 709 
Impact Factor        
The total number of cites published in 2007 and 2008 is calculated, then number of published items is evaluated. Impact factor is calculated with two values. Finally, impact factor of journal is obtained.

11. Criticisms of Journal Impact Factors…
Only a limited subset of journals is indexed by ISI
Only uses the articles cited by the ~13,000 “ISI journals”
Some disciplines are especially poorly covered
Biased toward English-language journals
ISI has recently added several hundred non-English journals
Short (two year) snapshot of journal
Some disciplines use older material more or take time to cite new research
JCR now also includes the 5-year data
Only a limited subset of journals is indexed by ISI
Only uses the articles cited by the ~13,000 “ISI journals”
Some disciplines are especially poorly covered
There is also bias toward English-language journals, but ISI has recently added several hundred non-English journals
Short (two year) snapshot of journal
Some disciplines use older material more or take time to cite new research
JCR now also includes the 5-year data

12. Criticisms of Journal Impact Factors…
Includes self-citations, that is articles in which the article cites other papers in the same journal
Only includes “citable” articles in the denominator of the equation, i.e., articles and reviews
Editors may skew IF by increasing the number of review articles, which bring in more citations (increases the numerator)
Or by increasing the number of “news” items (e.g., Science, general medical journals) , which are cited (appear in numerator) but not considered “citable” (and so aren’t in the denominator)
It is expensive to subscribe to the JCR
It Includes self-citations, that is articles in which the article cites other papers in the same journal
Only includes “citable” articles in the denominator of the equation, i.e., articles and reviews
Editors may skew Impact factor by increasing the number of review articles, which bring in more citations (increases the numerator)
Or by increasing the number of “news” items (e.g., Science, general medical journals) , which are cited (appear in numerator) but not considered “citable” (and so aren’t in the denominator)
It is expensive to subscribe to the JCR

13. Other Journal Ranking Efforts…
Available free at eigenfactor.org ( data)
As with the JCR, only ISI journals are ranked
Uses “all” ISI data, analyzed differently.
all cited and citing references (so includes citations from non-ISI journals, books, dissertations, etc.)
Looks at five years of data
Eigenfactor is an other journal ranking factor. It is also available in web of science database.
Information can be obtained free at eigenfactor.org
Eigenfactor.org ranks only Web of science journals like journal citation reports.
It Uses “all” ISI data, but analyzed differently.
all cited and citing references are used in analyzing, so includes citations from non-ISI journals, books, dissertations, etc.)
ıt Looks at five years of data

14. Eigenfactor.org
This is home page of eigenfactor.org. You can search journals by journal name, ISI category or year.

15. Eigenfactor.org
You can select a wanted category in this section.

16. Biochem & Molecular Biology Subject Category…
İt is an example of journal searching on eigenfactor.org website by Biochemistry and molecular biology category.
Puanlamad dan bahset

17. Eigenfactor.org Scores
Eigenfactor Score: … the higher the better
For a journal, the number of times articles published in the previous five years have been cited in the current year.
Highly cited journals will influence the score more than lesser cited journals.
A measure of the journal’s total importance to the scientific community.
Eigenfactor scores are scaled so that the sum of the Eigenfactor scores of all journals listed in Thomson’s Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is 100.
Article Influence Score: … the higher the better
The average influence, per article, of the papers in a journal. As such, it is comparable to the Journal Impact Factor.
Article Influence scores are normalized so that the mean article in the entire Thomson Journal Citation Reports (JCR) database has an article influence of A score greater than 1.00 indicates that each article in the journal has above-average influence.
Still, as with IFs, it’s best to “compare” within subjects.
Cost Effectiveness: … the lower the better
Annual Price / Eigenfactor Score
What is the Eigenfactor.org Scores?
A journal's Eigenfactor score measures the journal's total importance to the scientific community.
The higher is the better.
For a journal, score is evaluated by the number of times articles published in the previous five years which have been cited in the current year.
It also considers which journals have contributed these citations so that highly cited journals will influence the score more than lesser cited journals.  Self citations are removed.
A journal's Article Influence score is a measure of the average influence of each of its articles over the first five years after publication.
Article Influence score measures the average influence, per article, of the papers in a journal. As such, it is comparable to Impact Factor. Article Influence scores are normalized so that the mean article in the entire Thomson Journal Citation Reports (JCR) database has an article influence of 1.00.
Still, as with impact factors, it’s best to “compare” within subjects.
The other critical point is cost effectiveness, the lower price is the better.
The Eigenfactor.org displays journal price information on the journal details pages. Cost effectiveness search ranks journals according to the value-per-dollar is also displayed on Eigenfactor.org.

18. Comparing JCR and Eigenfactor
For JCR Category “Cell Biology” (2008) -- the top six journals sorted by Journal Impact Factor
5-year JCR
Impact Factor
Eigenfactor Article Influence Score
Nature Rev Molec Cell Biol
(100)*
(100)
Cell
(88)
18.871(94)
Nature Medicine
27.553(78)
12.958(65)
Ann Rev Cell Biology
22.731(64)
16.220(81)
Nature Cell Biology
17.774(50)
10.872(54)
Cell Stem Cell
16.826(48)
12.304(62)
Cell Metabolism
16.107(45)
9.506(48)
*In parenthesis, values normalized.

19. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
The citation PageRank of a journal calculated on the basis of the Scopus citation data divided by the number of articles published by the journal over 3 years.
Similar to Eigenfactor methods, but based on citations in Scopus instead of Web of Science.
Freely available at scimagojr.com
Covers more journals (~20,000) than JCR because Scopus covers more journals than Web of Science
More international diversity
3 years of citations; no self-citations
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is an other ranking source which is based on citations in Scopus, instead of Web of Science
The citation PageRank of a journal calculated on the basis of the Scopus citation data divided by the number of articles published by the journal over 3 years.
Journal rank data are freely available at scimagojr.com.
It covers more journals (~20,000) than JCR because Scopus covers more journals than Web of Science.
Therefore, it has more international diversity
The rank includes 3 years of citations; Also, no self-citations are not regarded like eingenfactor.org

20. SCImago Journal Search
This is the view of homepage of scientific journal ranking website.
Journal searching can be done in this table,

21. SCImago Journal Search
Searching is carrying on with subject area, subject category, region, and order by.
Journals are listed in the table with neuroscience category.
Journals can be selected for more information.

22. SCImago Journal Search
It is an example of Journals ranking data.
It is brain research reviews journal page
Ranking data can be obtained from there.

23. Comparison of Three Journal Ranking Systems … Higher is “better” in all cases (2007)
JCR Journal Impact Factor
(2 year)
JCR Journal Impact Factor (5 year)
Eigenfactor Article Influence Score (5 year)
SCImago Journal Rank (3 year)
Science
26.372
30.631
16.539
3.726
Cell
29.887
28.779
18.188
10.735
Nature
28.751
16.996
4.636
PNAS
9.598
10.369
4.929
2.689
BMC Bioinformatics
3.493
4.221
1.608
.750
Bioinformatics
5.039
6.649
2.406
1.225
There are differences between journal impact factor, eigenfactor article influence score and SCImago journal ranking strategies, the differences are due to their journal indexes and ranking methods.
SJR from SCImago are based on the Scopus database, not the Web of Science database; both JCR and Eigenfactors are calculated from the Web of Science database.

24. H index

25. H index
Measure both the productivity and citation impact of the published body of work of a scientist or scholar.
Based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications.
The index was suggested in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch to quantify an individual's scientific research output.
sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
The h-index is an index that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the published body of work of a scientist or scholar.
The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications.
The index was suggested in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch to quantify an individual's scientific research output.
It is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.

26. H index
Combines an assessment of both quantity (number of papers) and quality (impact, or citations to these papers).
h-index is automatically calculated:
Web of Science
Scopus *
Remember, Impact Factor is just for journals, though it’s often used to evaluate authors.
H index can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a scholarly journal as well as a group of scientists, such as a department or university or country.
It combines an assessment of both quantity (number of papers) and quality (impact, or citations to these papers).

27. h-Index values
JE Hirsch: “Based on typical h .. values found, I suggest (with large error bars) that for faculty at major research universities, h ≈ 12 might be a typical value for advancement to tenure (associate professor) and that h ≈ 18 might be a typical value for advancement to full professor. Fellowship in the American Physical Society might occur typically for h ≈ 15–20. Membership in the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America may typically be associated with h ≈ 45 and higher, except in exceptional circumstances.”
As with other metrics, it’s best to compare h-index values within a discipline.

28. Determining h-index Manually*
h-index can also be manually calculated for an author based on the number of papers authored and the number of times each paper has been cited.

29. Finding a h-index value
Web of Science
It is web of science homepage, Authors searching can be done in this section, then page is directed to lists of articles. Create Citation reports button is used, and it directs authors citation data

30. Finding a h-index value
Authors citatiton reports are obtained from this table and h index is found.

31. Finding a h-index value
Scopus
It is homepage of scopus, H index for authors can be searching in the section, then you will be directed new page which includes list of authors.
View citation overview button directs to the citation reports.

32. Citation Overview (h-index) from Scopus
Then, view h-graph button directs you to h index information page.

33. Graph of h-Index from Scopus
Finally, authors h index is obtained.

34. Comparison of h-index Values from Several Sources for Several Authors
From Scopus
From Web of Science
Robinson, GE
54 [193 docs]
55 [202 docs]
Chancellor Wise, PM
44 [178 docs]
51 [204 docs]
Garfield, E
22 [211 docs]
288 [815 docs]
Pres. Hogan, MJ
-- [1 doc]
6 [33 docs]
Pres. Easter, RA
23 [87 docs]
25 [107 docs]
There are differences between scopus and web of science author h index values, the differences are due to their journal indexes.

35. Comparison of 2007 h-index Values for Several Journals
From Scopus** via SCImago
From Scopus (via its Citation Overview option)
From Web of Science
From Google Scholar via “Publish or Perish”
Science
523
68* [of 2375 docs]
69 [of 2542]
66 [of 999]
Cell
387
52 [of 555 docs]
56 [of 612]
49 [of 999]
Nature
532
72 [of 2349 docs]
77 [of 2681]
56 [of 999]
PNAS
340
42 [of 3776 docs]
44 [of 3656]
42 [of 999]
BMC Bioinformatics 37
13 [of 600 docs]
13 [of 491
16 [of 664]
Bioinformatics
112
17 [of 701 docs]
20 [of 737]
~22 [of ~870]
h-index: the h number of articles in a journal that received at least h citations. Combines an assessment of both quantity (number of papers) and quality (impact, or citations to these papers). The h-index is more frequently used to assess the impact of authors.
* “Of the 2375 documents published in Science in 2007, 68 have been cited at least 68 times”
** Value for h-index was calculated from citations from 1999-current, not just Learn more about h-index: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-index

36. Conclusion
Journal Impact Factors will likely be around for a long time… the key is to understand how they work.
Don’t use Journal Impact Factors to evaluate individuals. Perhaps use h-index, instead?
Use multiple resources (Web of Science, Scopus, etc.) to find how many papers have cited your works.

37. THANK YOU…