1. Cycles
Matter can cycle through the biosphere because biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
Matter is Recycled within and between the ecosystems.
Matter is assembles into living tissues or passed out of the body as waste.
Just think, with every breath you take, you inhale hundreds of oxygen atoms that might have been inhaled by dinosaurs millions of years ago!!

2. The Water Cycle
Plants and animals need water to live
Natural processes constantly recycle water throughout the environment
Animals breathe out water vapor, return water to the environment through urination
Plants pull water from the ground and lose water from their leaves through transpiration

4. Precipitation Evaporation 21 The diagram shows physical changes that
occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows
condensation?
A Q
B R
C S
D T
Precipitation
Run Off of ground water
Evaporation

5. The Carbon Cycle
All life on earth is based on carbon. Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue.
Begins during photosynthesis in which CO2 gas is converted to carbon molecules
Carbon molecules are then used for energy and growth
As heterotrophs eat plants, they also gain this energy from carbon
When the carbon is used, CO2 is released and returned to the atmosphere

6. Carbon Cycle Glucose C6H12O6 is produced by plants, eaten by animals.
Photosynthesis
Animals and plants exhale CO2 which is taken in by plants to make glucose
Cellular Respiration

8. Nitrogen Cycle
Lightening and bacteria in the ground “fix” Nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
It is absorbed by plants, through their roots as nitrates, so they can be used to build amino acids essential for building proteins, enzymes and the nitrogen bases of DNA.

10. Phosphorus Cycle All organisms require phosphorus for growth
Phosphorus cycles in two ways
In the short term cycle, phosphorus is found in plants, animals eat plants, they die, and the phosphorus returns to the soil
In the long term cycle, phosphorus is washed into the sea and is incorporated into rock

12. Another version for cycles…
WILL REWRITE

13. Biochemical Cycles (Nutrient Cycles)
The paths of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pass from the nonliving environment to living organisms and then back to the nonliving environment

14. Water Cycle
Ground Water: water retained beneath the surface of the Earth
Evaporation: water is heated by the sun and reenters the atmosphere
Transpiration: water is drawn from stomata in leaves of plants

15. Water that is not evaporated travels from plants to the atmosphere through transpiration and returns to the Earth as rain.

17. Carbon Cycle
Respiration: carbon dioxide is given off as a byproduct of cellular respiration
Combustion: carbon is released when fossil fuels are burned
Erosion: Shells of dead organisms (made of calcium carbonate) form limestone. As limestone erodes, carbon becomes available for other organisms

19. Nitrogen Cycle 79% of the atmosphere is Nitrogen
Most organisms cannot use Nitrogen in its atmospheric form
Nitrogen Fixation: a few bacteria (found in the soil and on roots of some plants) have enzymes that will break down atmospheric nitrogen and form ammonia

20. Assimilation: absorption and incorporation of nitrogen into plant and animal compounds
Ammonification: the production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of nitrogen-containing urea
Nitrification: the production of nitrate from ammonia
Denitrification: the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

22. Phosphorous Cycle Phosphorous used in ATP and DNA
Phosphorous in rock dissolves in water and is absorbed by plants

23. Renewable vs Nonrenewable Resources
Nonrenewable: Do not replenish themselves naturally
Renewable: Replenish themselves naturally

24. Ways to Conserve Nonrenewable Resources
Alternative Fuels
Recycling (reduce, reuse, recycle)