1. PLANT PROCESSES

2. ENERGY PROCESSING IN PLANTS

3. Materials For Plant Processes
To survive, plants need food, water, and oxygen.
Roots absorb water which travels inside xylem cells to all parts of a plant.
Most plants make their own food (Glucose) which flows to all plant cells.
Plants require oxygen and carbon dioxide to make food.

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that converts light energy into chemical energy (Glucose)

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Leaves are the major- food producing organs of plants.
The cells that make up the top layer of a leaf are flat, irregularly shaped cells called epidermal cells.
On the bottom of the epidermal layer of leaves are small openings called stomata.

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts, the organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
Chemicals that can absorb and reflect light are called pigments.
The pigment chlorophyll reflects green light, absorbs other colors of light, and uses this energy for photosynthesis.

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
During photosynthesis, water molecules are split apart releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
Sugars are made in the second step of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is important because it produces most of the oxygen in the atmosphere

8. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration – converts the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP

9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Occurs in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells and requires oxygen
Glucose broken down
Large amounts of usable energy called ATP are produced
Water and Carbon Dioxide is given off

10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

11. Cellular respiration is important to plants because without it they could not grow, reproduce, or repair tissue
Life on Earth depends on a balance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

12. Plant Responses

13. Stimuli are any changes in the environment that cause an organism to react.
Plants respond to different environmental stimuli such as:
light
touch
gravity
A tropism is a response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus.

14. Phototropism Tendency of plants to grow toward a source of light
Leaves and stems tend to grow in the direction of light
Roots grow away from light

15. Thigmotropism
A response of a plant to touch

16. Gravitropism Response of a plant to the force of gravity
Stems grow away from gravity
Roots grow toward gravity

17. Photoperiodism
Response to the number of hours of darkness in its environment.
Long-day plants- flower when exposed to less than hours of darkness
Short-day plants- require 12 or more hours of darkness for flowering to begin
Day-neutral plants- flower when they reach maturity and the environmental conditions are right.

18. Hormone Substances that act as chemical messengers.
They are produced in one part of an organism and affects another part of the same organism

19. Auxin
Hormone that caused increased plant growth.

20. Ethylene
Plant hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen

21. Gibberellin
Hormone that increases the rate of cell division and cell elongation in stems and leaves and fruit.

22. Cytokinin
Plant hormone that increases the rate of cell division in some plants and slow the aging process of flowers and fruits
Causes dormant seeds to sprout