1. World Between the Wars  Colonialism suffers as European powers suffer prestige/power loss  Treaty of Versailles allows for nationalism in Europe via new countries not elsewhere  How much is world going to enforce the *** Germany idea of the Treaty?  GREAT DEPRESSION  Rise of aggressive totalitarian governments in Germany, S. Union, Japan, Italy

2. Economic Indicators?

3. Great Depression Affects World Begins with collapse of N.Y. stock market in 1929 overspeculation in stocks inflates value Begins with collapse of N.Y. stock market in 1929 overspeculation in stocks inflates value World responds with new tariffs increased barriers to trade World responds with new tariffs increased barriers to trade Most countries in Western world respond with classic laissez-faire approach Most countries in Western world respond with classic laissez-faire approach Great Depression worsens-many countries in world look for new economic/political answers Great Depression worsens-many countries in world look for new economic/political answers Communism? Fascism? New type of Democracy? More government involvement? Communism? Fascism? New type of Democracy? More government involvement?

4. John Maynard Keynes Professor of economics has different take on depressions Professor of economics has different take on depressions Governments should deficit spend Governments should deficit spend Put money into hands of common working people and encourage them to spend Put money into hands of common working people and encourage them to spend Spending will build world out of depression Spending will build world out of depression “Prime the pump” “Prime the pump” Leads to New Deal in U.S. and more govt. spending in other countries Leads to New Deal in U.S. and more govt. spending in other countries

5. Germany ► Weimar Republic established after war ► Difficulties dealing with humiliation in Germany of Treaty of Versailles ► Economic issues such as inflation and after G.Depression dramatic unemployment ► Extreme German nationalism argued by National Socialist Party

6. NAZI Party ► Hitler and new party draw on worker discontent and tap into nationalism to spark movement ► Hitler arrested in early 1920’s writes Mein Kampf in prison ► Hatred and blame of Jews, Communists and French and argues for lebensraum or right to spread German empire ► 1933 Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany after successful democratic elections

9. Total Power in German State ► Government begins to wipe out political dissent ► Build up German unity and mass support ► Rearmament program for military started ► Schools and churches brought under government control ► Laws discriminating against Jews in marriage- ► Kristallnact-night of the broken glass Nazi party members vandalize Jewish businesses and homes 1938

11. Germany violates Treaty ► Refuses to pay reparations ► Reoccupies area lost from war ► Builds up military going against Treaty ► Britain and France warn Germany to cease ► Germany occupies Austria and Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia-1938 claiming all Germans should be part of Greater Germany ► Famous Munich Conference N.Chamberlain meets with Hitler “we have peace for our time” ► Appeasement- Western powers warning but not taking military action leads Hitler to believe west will not fight

13. Italy IL Duce- the leader of Italy Benito Mussolini First Fascist Government in Europe in 1920’s Far to the right on political spectrum but still totalitarian government Italy never as unified powerful or totalitarian as Germany or S. Union Famous event in 1930’s of Italian expansion into Ethiopia classic example of developed vs. developing country- Italy falters

15. Soviet Union Lenin dies in 1924 soon after Civil War leaves Bolsheviks/Reds/Communists in charge Power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky- Lenin wanted Trotsky Stalin brutal absolute power of state Man of Steel Organizes five year plans to transform ag. Country into industrial country Collectivization and steel output increase but millions starved in S. Union Forced labor camps in Siberia where most old Bolsheviks, political opponents and many killed

18. Japan Follows similar path with Germany Formation of unified nation-state in middle of 19 th century efforts at imperialism, militarism and power at turn of century 1920’s see Western style Democracies take hold Depression hurts Japan leads to 1930’s where ultra nationalist policies take hold “Asia for the Asians” de-emphasize links with West

19. Japan on the March 1931 occupation of Manchuria 1937 open warfare with China Japan to create greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere Fancy way to say Japan wants more Imperialistic possessions for raw materials throughout East Asia and S.E. Asia Big threat to Japanese advance in Asia?

20. Latin America Mostly independent from direct colonial rule unlike Africa and much of Asia Mostly independent from direct colonial rule unlike Africa and much of Asia Nickname of banana republics because of importance of fruit exports Nickname of banana republics because of importance of fruit exports Perception of U.S. economic imperialism in region Perception of U.S. economic imperialism in region Perception that U.S. intervened politically to keep friendly govts. Perception that U.S. intervened politically to keep friendly govts. Great Depression hurts Latin America Great Depression hurts Latin America Good Neighbor Policy implemented by FDR to say U.S. will not intervene militarily anymore Good Neighbor Policy implemented by FDR to say U.S. will not intervene militarily anymore Authoritarian moves in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and many countries in Latin America Authoritarian moves in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and many countries in Latin America