1. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 1 Module 7 Planning and Scheduling with the Critical Path Method Session 7.2 Scheduling and allocating resources with CPM

2. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 2 Instructional Objective Schedule activities and resources, shorten duration, and control the project by measuring progress against plan

3. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 3 Tasks for managing plans  Scheduling activities  Allocating resources  Meeting required dates  Allowing for risk  Getting management approval  Monitoring progress vs. plan (control)  Reporting  Rescheduling and updating  Detailed plan  Master summary plan

4. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 4 G 1 Early start schedule B4F2 C 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks D 1 E 1 ::: : A 1

5. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 5 Scheduled start - Leveled resource A B4F2 1 C 1 G 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks D 1 E 1 ::: :

6. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 6 1 19 23456789 101112131415161718 DAYS 102 121066916 15 1210622 11923456789101112131415161718 MAN HISTOGRAM 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DAYS JOB D 4 MEN FLOAT JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB A 2 MEN FLOAT JOB B 2 MEN JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MENJOB J 3 MENJOB K 2 MEN JOB L 6 MEN JOB M 3 MEN FLOAT MEN

7. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 7 Resource histogram: Early start with overload 11923456789101112131415161718 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DAYS Men required Men available Overload (a) Earliest start schedule MEN

8. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 8 Resource histogram: Late start schedule 1 19 23456789 101112131415161718 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 DAYS Men required Men available Overload (b) Latest start schedule

9. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 9 19 123456789 10 1112131415161718 DAYS JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB H 2 MENFLOAT JOB B 2 MEN JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MENJOB J 3 MENJOB K 2 MEN JOB M 3 MEN FLOAT 11923456789101112131415161718 JOB D 4 MEN FLOAT JOB A 4 MEN JOB E 3 MEN JOB H 2 MEN FLOAT JOB B 2 MEN JOB F 4 MEN FLOAT JOB C 4 MEN JOB G 2 MEN JOB J 3 MENJOB K 2 MEN JOB L 6 MEN JOB M 3 MEN FLOAT Best schedule Early start schedule JOB L 6 MEN Note: D and H now critical JOB D 4 MEN FLOAT

10. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 10 Histogram: Resource loading for best schedule 10 8 8 65612 13 911 8 11923456789101112131415161718 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 MEN MAN HISTOGRAM Men required DAYS

11. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 11 Scheduling criteria 1. Resource allocation (leveling) 2. Cost and cash flow 3. Risk 4. Outside factors (weather)

12. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 12 Early versus late start schedule A B 4 F2 1 C1 G1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks D1 E1 ::: :

13. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 13 Time compression (Crashing the schedule)  What ?  Why ?

14. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 14 Time compression alternatives 1. Add resources (people, money) 2. Change logic 3. Change objective 4. Change methods 5. Reduce time estimates

15. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 15 Time compression (Crashing) A B4F2 1 C1 G1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks D1 E1 ::: :

16. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 16 Time compression alternatives 1. Add resources (people, money) 2. Change logic 3. Change objective 4. Change methods 5. Reduce time estimates

17. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 17 Change logic sequence A B A B 5 3 5 3 Save 3 weeks

18. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 18 Lead-lag relationship Foundation Structural steel Foundation 30% or 2 week delay 70%

19. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 19 In sequencing do not mix logic and resources Instant coffee project Resource scheduling problem, not logical constraint Get sugar bowl Wrong Get sugar bowl Get coffee jar Right Get coffee jar

20. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 20 Risk  Dealing with uncertainty  Making assumptions about the future

21. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 21 Dealing with risk Longest + (4. most likely) + shortest 6 Expected time = PERT uses probability model with 3 estimates Bell shaped curve

22. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 22 Identify activities with high probability of delay Plan Risk Add extra time based on best collective judgment 4 2

23. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 23 Fast-track management decisions 123456789101112123456789101112 Normal Management approves budget of 40,000 for prototype Build 6 months Test 6 months Design Phase Prototype Phase Manufacturing Phase Start up manufact. 12 months Months Tooling Procure parts Management decisions 6 months 2 years Management approves budget of 10,000 for tooling plus 100,000 for manufacturing

24. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 24 6 months Accelerated Build 6 months Test 6 months Design Phase Prototype Phase Manufacturing Phase Months Procure parts Management decisions 1.5 years Save 6 months Fast-track management decisions Management approves budget of 40,000 for prototype plus 10,000 for tooling Start up manufact. Tooling 6 months Management approves budget of 100,000 manufacturing 12 months 123456789101112123456789101112

25. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 25 Time compression alternatives 1. Add resources (people, money) 2. Change logic 3. Change objective 4. Change methods 5. Reduce time estimates

26. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 26 Control  Measuring progress versus plan

27. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 27 Control = measuring progress versus plan A B4F2 1 C1 G1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weeks D1 E1 ::: : TODAY

28. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 28 Reporting and control  Monitor progress  Revise schedule  Pay attention to human element

29. Module 7 Session 7.2 Visual 29 Tasks for managing plans  Scheduling activities  Allocating resources  Meeting required dates  Allowing for risk  Getting management approval  Monitoring progress vs. plan (control)  Reporting  Rescheduling and updating  Detailed plan  Master summary plan