1. The Indian Nationalist Movement and Gandhi

2. Two Organizations Fought For Independence in India
Indian National Congress
Comprised of Middle Class professionals and lawyers educated in England
Majority of members Hindu
Wanted greater self-government for Indians in India
Muslim League
Comprised of Middle Class professionals and lawyers educated in England
Members Muslim
Wanted independence for India and creation of 2 countries: India and Pakistan

3. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
                         
Leader of the Muslim League who pushed for a separate country for Muslim Indians.

4. Mohandas Gandhi Studied law in England, practiced in South Africa
Joined the INC before WWI
Became leader of the INC because he was better able to relate to the problems of the common people
Believed in the idea of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha)

5. Amritsar Massacre 1919 Peaceful demonstration against British
Resulted in over 300 deaths
Convinced Gandhi that cooperation with the British was impossible

6. Alley that prevented the use of tanks
Site of massacre today
Alley that prevented the use of tanks

7. Jinnah and Gandhi c. 1940

8. Gandhi’s Influences Hindu religion and “ahimsa”
Christ’s teaching to love one’s enemy
Henry David Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience

9. Gandhi’s Ideas and Methods
Satyagraha – protesting without using violence in order to win the enemy over

10. Civil Disobedience
Breaking unjust laws
The Salt March 1930

11. Boycotts Gandhi urged Indians to stop buying British products
Making homespun cloth became the symbol of his movement

12. Equality for Caste and Women
Gandhi fought to improve conditions for women and untouchables in India

13. Hindu-Muslim Unity “Indian first, Muslim or Hindu second”
                                                                
Hindu-Muslim Unity
“Indian first, Muslim or Hindu second”
Gandhi often fasted to end Hindu-Muslim conflict

14. As Gandhi’s movement grew, British officials were forced to meet with him.

15. India Received Independence in 1947
India’s government resembles Britain's
India was Partitioned into 2 countries: India and Pakistan
Mass migrations occurred and Hindu -Muslim conflicts exploded
Gandhi was assassinated in 1948