1. Pre-Pentium Intel Processors 4004 8008 8080 8086/8088 80186 80286 80386 80486

2. Early Processors 4004 First Intel Microprocessor 4-bit Arithmetic computation Ran at 108 kHz 8008 8-bit Could do data and character manipulation Ran at 200 kHz The 4004 processor

3. Early Processors 8080 Was used in the Altair, the first widely known PC Could use up to 64 kilobytes of memory Ran at 2 MHz 8086/8088 8086 was slightly more powerful, but IBM choose the 8088 for it’s first PC for cost reasons. Could use up to 1 megabyte of memory Ran at a max of 20 MHz

4. Early Processors 80186 Improved 8086 design Was first attempt by Intel at integrating chipsets and processors Used in primarily in disk controllers instead of PCs Max speed was 16 MHz 80286 Increased the number of address lines, raising the number of possible addresses from 1 MB to 16 MB’s Used by IBM in their IBM PC-AT computer Ran at a max of 20 MHz The 80286 processor

5. 80386 (1988) 1 st 32-bit processor Could use a 16 byte cache 12.5 MHz – 33 MHz 16 Registers Flags in 32 bit register 275 K transistors

6. 80486 (1991) Included math co-processor (DX only) 120 MHz Increased efficiency RISC 1.2 M transistors

7. Pentium® (1993) 75 – 233 MHz 2 instructions per clock cycle 64-bit data bus Equivalent to two 32 bit chips Heat issues Hardwired most used commands 3.1 M Transistors

8. Pentium Pro® (1995) RISC < 200 MHz 3 instructions per clock cycle 8K cache 486 emulator 5.5 M transistors

9. Pentium® II Has speeds of 233 MHz, 266 MHz, 300 MHz, 333 MHz, 350 MHz, 400 MHz, and 450 MHz “seamless combination of the P6 micro- architecture and Intel® MMX media enhancement technology” 512KB cache with a 64-bit cache bus

10. Celeron® and Xeon® Introduced in 1998 Celeron® has system bus speeds of 66 MHz and 100 MHz Xeon® was made especially for servers Special Level 2 cache chip designed to run speeds in excess of 400 MHz

11. Pentium® III Released in 1999 3 major different models Speeds ranging from 650 MHz to 1.3 GHz First Intel processor to reach 1 GHz speed

12. Pentium® 4 Released in 2001 Speeds ranging from 1.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz Intel® NetBurst™ Micro-architecture instead of P6 Micro-architecture