1. Artistic Development “The teacher who knows the difference between adult and child world views is likely to communicate and educate more successfully than one not so prepared.” —David Elkind (1974, p. 134)

2. Developmentally Appropriate Practice [DAP] DAP asks: Is this activity appropriate for children of this age? Is this activity appropriate for this particular child at this particular time? Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

3. Normative Development Is this activity appropriate for children of this age? Infant – Birth to 18 months Toddler – 18 months to 3 years Preschooler – 3 to 5 year Kindergartener – 5 & 6 years Primary – 6 to 8 years Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

4. Normative Development: Music Infant Toddler Preschooler Kindergartener Primary Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

5. Normative Development: Creative Movement Infant Toddler Preschooler Kindergartener Primary Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6. Normative Development: Drama Infant Toddler Preschooler Kindergartener Primary Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

7. Normative Development: Visual Arts Infant Toddler Preschooler Kindergartener Primary Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

8. Factors Affecting Artistic Production Physical Development Emotional State Social Behavior Intellectual Development Child’s Creative Work Peer and Adult Reactions Previous Experiences Art Media Accepted Culture Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

9. Copyright 2009 Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved. Gardner’s Model of Cognitive Development Infancy to 18 months: Piaget’s sensorimotor stage 18 months to 2 years: Learn to use symbols 2 to 3 years: Spatial understanding develops 3 to 4 years: Numerical understanding develops 5 to 7 years: Invent notational systems

10. Multimedia Production Model Mode 1: Random actions Mode 2: Conscious control Mode 3: Imitative Mode 4: Symbol development Mode 5: Cultural style Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 5 Mode 3 Mode 4 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

11. Copyright 2009 Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved. Drawing Begins with Scribbles

12. Copyright 2009 Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved. Placement Patterns

13. Copyright 2009 Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved. Graphic Symbol Development Mandalas, suns, and people by children ages 2 to 5

14. Copyright 2009 Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved. Developmental Stages Developmental Stages of Child Art, Based on Kellogg (1969) and Lowenfeld and Brittain (1987) Infancy to Age 2½ Random Scribbling 2½ to 3 Controlled Scribbling 3 to 4½ Named Scribbling 4½ to 7 Preschematic

15. Developmentally Appropriate Understandings A successful arts educator: Sets realistic expectations Values process over product Understands factors affecting child Selects activities that every child can do successfully Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

16. Assessing Artistic Growth Observation Tools Checklists Anecdotal records Real records Photographs and videos Portfolios Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

17. Portfolio Contents Work samplesChecklists Photographs and videos Interviews AudiotapesAttitude surveys Anecdotal notes Process folio selections Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

18. Evaluating Children’s Arts Process Studying a single artwork or performance can be another way to gain more insight into the child’s arts process. Step 1: Describe what you see. Step 2: Compare it to normative levels or the child’s previous work. Step 3: Write a summary. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

19. Writing a Summary This is a tempera painting by a three-year-old girl named Katie. The child called it “My Rainbow” How would you describe it? Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

20. Interacting with Families Portfolio sharing Talking together Art happenings Letters and newsletters Pamphlets Activity ideas Surveys Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

21. Self-Assessment The purpose of self-assessment is to grow as a teacher of the arts. Use Checklists Student feedback Notebook Journal “Terrific” Me folder Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.