1. Chapter 1: Living Things
Aim: What is the difference between living and nonliving things?

2. Characteristics of Living Things
Any living thing is called an organism
Vary in size
Have different behaviors and needs
1. Made up of small units called cells
Some organisms are one celled
Some are many celled
Each cell contains heredity material and has a structure

3. 2. Interact with their surroundings
Responds to stimuli
Homeostasis-organisms ability to keep the proper conditions inside no matter what is going outside the body
3. Use energy
Comes directly or indirectly from the Sun-is the source of all energy
4. Grow and develop
All organisms have a life span

4. Nonliving Things 5. Reproduce Don’t have these characteristics
Don’t need things in order to survive
Examples:
Water
Air
Rocks
Clouds

5. Aim: What are the basic needs of all living things?
Place to live
Some need a hot environment
Some need a cold environment
Some live in the ocean
Few live on the bottom of the ocean
Organisms surroundings must provide for all of its needs

6. 2. Raw Materials
all living things need water
Most organisms made up of 50 % H2O
Humans made up of 60-70% H2O
Need proteins, fats and sugars

7. Aim: How do we classify living things?

8. Classification
Early classifications included grouping plants depending on how they were used and animals on human traits, such as courageous
Aristotle classified living things by how they looked
Example: Animal categories included hair or no hair, four legs or two legs

9. Modern classification
Carolus Linnaeus came up with a new system of classification based on the structure of the organism
Modern classification
Includes Linnaeus’ system
Similarities of internal and external factors
study fossils, hereditary information and early stages of development
Scientists use all of this information to find and organisms phylogeny

10. Today’s Classification System
Organisms are grouped into six kingdoms
Kingdom is the first and largest category
Organisms are placed into these kingdoms based on various characteristics
Smallest classification is a species
Organisms that belong to the same species can mate and reproduce

11. Aim: How do scientists name organisms?

12. Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word naming system used by Linnaeus
Used by modern scientists
First word identifies the genus of the species
Second words tells you something about the organism-what it looks like, lives or who discovered it
Examples: Red Maple Tree=Acer Rubrum

13. Using Scientific Names
Used for four reasons:
Help avoid mistakes
Organisms with similar evolutionary history are classified together in the same genus
Give descriptive information
Allows information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently

14. Aim: How do you use a dichotomus key?

15. Tools for Identifying Organisms
Field guides
Have descriptions and illustrations of organisms
Information about where they live
Can identify species from around the world

16. Dichotomous keys
Detailed list identifying characteristics that includes scientific names
Arranged in steps
Can identify and name species