2. Institutional Controls at BRAC Sites July 19, 2011

3. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 3 3 Session Panelists  Kristie Reimer – Associate Vice President – ARCADIS/Malcolm Pirnie - Moderator  Gordon Hart – Partner, Paul Hastings LLP  David Drozd – Director, Navy BRAC Program Management Office Northeast  Michael Houlemard – Executive Officer – Fort Ord Reuse Authority

4. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 4 4 Session Overview  Introductions / Session Overview  Institutional Control Basics / Legal Issues  Implementation and LRA Perspective  DoD Perspective  Q&A / Discussion

5. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 5 5 IC Basics: EPA’s Overview  ICs are legal and administrative tools used to maintain protection of human health and the environment at sites.  ICs are often an important part of the overall cleanup at a site.  ICs can be used for many reasons and come in different types. These include restricting site use, modifying behavior, and providing information to people.

6. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 6 6 IC Basics: A Lawyer’s Overview  A remedy or component of a remedy  Can replace physical remedial action  Can supplement physical remedial action to ensure long-term effectiveness  Imposes restrictions or requirements  Binding on current and future property owners  Designed to prevent exposure to contamination remaining in place  Enforced by legal or administrative mechanisms

7. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 7 7 IC Basics: Types of Restrictions and Requirements  Types of Restrictions (Prohibitions)  Land Use Restrictions (no residential, child care, etc.)  Activity Restrictions (no digging, use of groundwater, etc.)  Types of Requirements (Mandates)  Notices  Operation and Maintenance/Inspection and Reporting  Payment of Oversight Costs/Financial Assurance  Hybrid Approach: Risk Management Plans

8. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 8 8 IC Basics: Types of Mechanisms  Government Controls- include local laws or permits (e.g., county zoning, building permits, and Base Master Plans at military facilities); permits (e.g., county zoning, building permits, and Base Master Plans at military facilities)  Proprietary Controls- include property use restrictions based on private property law (e.g., easements and covenants in deeds or separate instruments)  Enforcement Tools- include documents that require individuals or companies to conduct or prohibit specific actions (e.g., environmental cleanup consent decrees, unilateral orders, or permits  Informational Devices-include deed notices or public advisories that alert and educate people about a site.

9. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 9 9 IC Basics: Legal (ish) Tips  Never “Default” into an IC  Radical concept: Site conditions should dictate the restrictions, not intended use.  Thoroughly and realistically weigh the costs and benefits  It is never too early to think about ICs  Make sure RI/FS analyzes what is necessary to allow unrestricted use if cleanup allows  Be willing to live with what the ROD says  Plan for your own demise  Once property is subdivided, who will implement?

10. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 10 10 Local Reuse (LRA) Perspective Risk Issues and Report Requirements IC - Match Reuse with Covenant LUC/IC Implementation - Monitoring Timing and Regulator Coordination Public Information/Community Outreach Economic and Long Term Stewardship

11. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 11 11 LRA Perspective “Risk” & Reports Property Ownership – Cost/Exposure Controlling the Reuse Timing “You Don’t Know What You Don’t Know” Report Timing and Regulator Coordination Collecting Information and Preparation

12. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 12 12 LRA Perspective Stewardship & Economics Impact on Land Values Annual Reports, Ordinance Compliance, Fence Maintenance, Use Monitoring Educational Programs (Schools, etc.) Regulator Visits/Inspections/Costs Long-Term Stewardship and Obligations

13. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 13 13 LRA Perspective - Public Information/Community Outreach Regular Education Programs Connecting with Social, Print, and Electronic Media Engage Groups and Stakeholders Jurisdictional Impacts

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15. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 15 15 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Environmental Easement - This is an interest in real property, created under and subject to the provisions of ECL Article 71, Title 36 which contains a restriction/prohibition on the use of the land that would be inconsistent with the remedy selected for the site.  Deed Restriction - Deed restrictions may impose a variety of limitations and conditions on the use of property (e.g., they may limit the future uses of the property, the use of groundwater, or how soils are managed).

16. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 16 16 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Discharge Permit - This usually refers to a water discharge permit issued by the Department under ECL Article 17 to regulate the discharge from a groundwater extraction system or treatment plant.  Part 360 Permit - Refers here to a solid waste management facility permit issued by the Department (e.g., to regulate a closed landfill).  Site Security (other than fencing) - Non-engineering security measures such as security guards. Note that a fence is categorized as an engineering control. .

17. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 17 17 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Local Permit - Special permits outlining specific requirements that must be met before an activity can be authorized (e.g., groundwater use, building, etc.).  Consent Order/Consent Decree - A consent order is a legal document signed by the Department (or the USEPA) and a respondent that obligates the respondent to complete activities defined by the order (e.g., site remediation including the maintenance of institutional/engineering controls). A consent decree must be approved by a judge.

18. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 18 18 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Zoning Restriction - Zoning authority exercised by local governments to specify land use for certain areas. For example, a local government could prohibit residential development in an area of contamination.  Hazardous Waste Site Registry - The list of State Superfund Sites which is compiled pursuant to ECL Article 27, Title 13 to inform the Governor, Legislature, and public about inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.

19. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 19 19 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Deed Notice - A deed notice is a non-enforceable, purely informational document filed in public land records that alerts anyone searching the records to important information about the property. Note that Part 360 requires deed notices to be filed as part of landfill closure activities.  Ground Water Use Restrictions - Restriction directed at limiting or prohibiting certain uses of ground water which may include limitations or prohibitions on well drilling. This is a governmental control, generally at the local or county level.

20. 2011 ADC ANNUAL CONFERENCE| PAGE 20 20 IC/LUCs - Definitions  Condemnation of Property - When the State or local government, exercising eminent domain, condemns a property in order to take over title.  Public Health Advisories - Warnings, usually issued by public health agencies, either at the federal, state or local level, that provide notice to potential users of land, surface water, ground water, or other natural resources of some existing or impending risk associated with their use. This would include fishing advisories.

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