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1 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CCNA 1 v3.1 Module 3 Networking Media
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222 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives
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333 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons
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444 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons
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555 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Coulomb's Electric Force Law states that opposite charges react to each other with a force that causes them to be attracted to each other. Like charges react to each other with a force that causes them to repel each other. Loosened electrons that do not move and have a negative charge are called static electricity. If these static electrons have an opportunity to jump to a conductor, this can lead to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
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666 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons
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777 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Atoms and Electrons
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888 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Voltage
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999 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Resistance and Impedance
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10 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Current Flow
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11 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Circuits
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12 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Circuits
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13 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cable Specifications Digital or baseband transmission and analog or broadband transmission require different types of cable.
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14 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Coaxial Cable
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15 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
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16 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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17 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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18 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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19 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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20 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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21 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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22 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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23 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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24 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical The wavelength of the light in optical fiber is either 850 nm, 1310 nm, or 1550 nm. These wavelengths were selected because they travel through optical fiber better than other wavelengths.
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25 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. light travels at different, slower speeds through other materials like air, water, and glass. When a light ray called the incident ray, crosses the boundary from one material to another, some of the light energy in the ray will be reflected back
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26 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The entering ray will be bent at an angle from its original path. This ray is called the refracted ray. How much the incident light ray is bent depends on the angle at which the incident ray strikes the surface of the glass and the different rates of speed at which light travels through the two substances.
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27 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Ray Model of Light
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28 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Ray Model of Light
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29 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Reflection
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30 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Reflection
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31 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Refraction
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32 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection
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33 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection
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34 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Total Internal Reflection
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35 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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36 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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37 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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38 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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39 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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40 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Multimode Fiber
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41 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Single-mode Fiber
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42 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Media
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43 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Signals and Noise in Optical Fibers
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44 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Scattering
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45 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Bending
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46 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Fiber End Face Finishes
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47 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Fiber End Face Polishing Techniques
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48 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Splicing
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49 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Calibrated Light Sources and Light Meter
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50 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless LAN Standards wireless technology does not provide the high-speed transfers, security, or uptime reliability of cabled networks
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51 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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52 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Internal Wireless NIC for Desktop or Server
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53 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. PCMCIA NIC for Laptop
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54 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. External USB Wireless NIC
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55 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Access Point
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56 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless LAN
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57 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Roaming
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58 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IEEE 802.3 Wireless Frame Types
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59 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptive Frame Types
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60 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Authentication and Association Types Unauthenticated and unassociated The node is disconnected from the network and not associated to an access point. Authenticated and unassociated The node has been authenticated on the network but has not yet associated with the access point. Authenticated and associated The node is connected to the network and able to transmit and receive data through the access point.
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61 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Radio Wave
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62 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Modulation
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63 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Omni Directional Antenna
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64 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wireless Security With Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), the access point does not provide authentication to the client, but passes the duties to a more sophisticated device, possibly a dedicated server, designed for that purpose. Using an integrated server VPN technology creates a tunnel on top of an existing protocol such as IP. This is a Layer 3 connection as opposed to the Layer 2 connection between the AP and the sending node
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65 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary
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