2. Chapter 14 Athens and Sparta

3. Chapter 14 Section 1 Political Changes in Greece

4. Anticipatory Set As citizens of the United States, we have duties that we are expected to carry out. Voting is one of those duties What other duties do we have as citizens?

5. Standards H-SS 6.4.2 Trace the transition from tyranny and oligarchy to early democratic form of government and back to dictatorship in ancient Greece, including the significance of the invention of the idea of citizenship ELA Reading 6.2.2 Analyze text that uses the compare-and- contrast organizational pattern

6. Objective Students will be able to read and comprehend about different types of rule in ancient Greece, such as oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy.

7. Language of the Discipline Oligarchy Plutarch Phalanx Citizen Tyranny Democracy Solon Citizenship Pericles

8. Ruled by the Few (Input) In the early city-states small groups of powerful aristocrats usually controlled the government This type of government was called an oligarchy or a government in which most political power is held by a small segment of society. Wealthy upper class or powerful military make up this segment

9. Oligarchies (Input)

10. Large landowners held power that changes over time As trade and commerce increased, wealthy merchants and artisans joined this class Oligarchies were usually headed by leaders of the upper class who made laws to benefit themselves A law code was written by Draco who wanted harsh punishment for the poor, but Plutarch wrote about these severe laws

11. The Rise of the Phalanx (Input) Around 670 B.C., a new military formation called the phalanx began to change the ways that Greeks fought wars In the past wars were fought on horseback, therefore only those who were wealthy enough to afford it became a Greek warrior A phalanx was a formation of heavily armed soldiers who moved together as a unit.

12. The Rise of the Phalanx (Input) In battle soldiers lined up so close to one another that each man’s shield helped protect their neighbor Nothing could stand in the way of this formation This was ancient Greece’s most powerful fighting force Now soldiers did not have to buy horses and armor and the middle-class could participate At the same time ordinary citizens, or members of the state, became aware that they were more important in society and therefore wanted a greater voice in the government

13. The Rise of the Phalanx (Input)

14. Tyranny (Input) Strong rulers called tyrants formed another type of government called tyrannies, or governments ruled by a single strong ruler. Tyrants usual ruled with an iron hand and did not let anyone else have a role in the government They were not always bad rulers, but governed fairly and made life better for their people Tyrannies did not last long because power was not passed to new rulers Tyrants could also not keep their promises

15. Rule by the Many (Input) Some city-states stayed with tyranny Many other governments moved to rule by the many When the government is “ruled by the people” it is called a democracy Under this form of government, large numbers of people began to participate in civic affairs

16. The Beginnings of Democracy (Input) Athens was the first city-state to use a democratic form of government After years of unrest Athens found itself in war Aristocrats appointed Solon to make changes He revised the cities code to reduce punishments for crimes He ended selling poor people into slavery for debt He granted all male citizens the right to vote for government officials A stable democracy was forming After Solon left office a tyrant took control until they went back to a democracy years later

17. The Development of Citizenship (Input) Citizenship made rule by the many successful Citizenship is membership in a political community Citizenship carries with it rights and responsibilities which set Greece apart from the rest of the world In places like Egypt, India, and China people were subjects to a ruler Greece let ordinary people take part in government and participate in responsibility Pericles writes to describe the citizens of Athens

18. Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

19. Checking for Understanding #1 Strong rulers provided a type of government called a _________________. Tyranny

20. Checking for Understanding #2 The city-state of Athens was the first to experiment with this form of government. Democracy

21. Checking for Understanding #3 According to the text, why was a phalanx a successful military tactic? The heavily armored soldiers would stand so close together, they would protect one another

22. Guided Practice/Independent Practice Guided Practice Complete questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide on the reverse side.