1. Bacteria! Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eubacteria

2. Generally… Different classifications Very small
Reproduce asexually – fission
Unicellular (may live in colonies)
Very diverse
Prokaryotes (no cell compartments)
Around for 3.5 billion years!

4. What’s the difference?? Prokaryotes Eukaryotes cell size
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
cell size
~ 1 micrometer
~ 10 micrometers (varies!)
organelle membrane
lacking membranes
has internal 'compartments'
multicellular?
singular; may form clumps / filaments
usually multicellular
genetic material
usually single circular DNA (some RNA)
linear DNA that form chromosomes
cell division
binary fission; two duplicate daughter cells
mitosis with nuclear division
flagella
simple; spins; single fiber of protein
more complex microtubules; moves back and forth
metabolic diversity
many types anaerobic & aerobic
only aerobic

5. Relative size of cells and other particles…
This website has great information, including this demonstration of relative size

6. General anatomy of a bacterium
From textbook

7. Reproduction Predominantly binary fission
Many able to reproduce every 20 minutes (!)
May form endospores
Genetic recombination may occur
Transformation:
absorb ‘loose’ DNA
Conjugation:
pieces of DNA swapped
Transduction:
involves bacteriophages
From textbook

8. From textbook

9. Common shapes and classification
Coccus – sphere
Baccillus – oblong
Spirochete - coiled
May also be classified
by cell structures,
various appendages,
movement,
energy source
Wikieducator.net/biology

10. Gram negative or positive
Gram Positive: retain a violet dye Gram Negative: retain pink dye
Some antibiotics work only on gram-positive or –negative bacteria
From textbook

11. Archaebacteria (Archaea)
Ancient bacteria
Developed during early Earth
3.5 billion years ago
Adapted to survive in ‘extremes’
Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens
May be photosynthetic, autotrophs, heterotrophs, chemosynthetic

12. Eubacteria (Bacteria)
Includes some chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, heterotrophs
Cyanobacteria
Different from Archaea:
In DNA & RNA
In polymerase (simpler in Eubacteria)
Peptidoglycan present in Eubacteria cell wall (not Archaea or Eukaryote cell walls)

13. Not-so-beneficial Bacteria May impact in a variety of ways
Clostridium botulinium – produces toxic protein; food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus – produces toxic protein; common on skin, harmful inside body
Salmonella spp. – food poisoning & typhoid fever
Cholera
Syphilis
Anthrax
Leprosy
Bubonic Plague
Tuberculosis
Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever
Tetanus
Diptheria

14. From Wikipedia

15. Beneficial Bacteria Oxygen producers Decomposers Bioremediation
Production of food
Lactobacillus, Lactococcus
Pest control
Bacillus thuringiensis
Digestion
Production of methane
Study of biology
Production of medicines
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Flashlight fish
Symbiosis with fungus
Bacteria
&
You…