1. Cell Biology Prokaryotic Cell –Small ~ 1-2µm 01-50 µm Max.? Min.? –No Nucleus –Little Internal Structure –Some are Motile –Unicellular or Cluster Eukaryote 10-200 μm

2. Nanobacteria 0.1 μm 10 4 – 10 5 /ml Ocean waters 0.15 μm minimum size?

3. Always Exceptions? Max? E. fishelsoni - 600µm Multiple genomes

4. Cell Shapes Bacillus Coccus Spirillum Spirochetes Appendaged

5. Cell Clusters Pairs – Diplo… Diplococcus Chains – Strepto.. Streptococcus Others – Staphylococcus

7. Cytoplasmic Membrane Phospholipid Bilayer No Sterols Bacteria & Eukaryotes Ester linkages Archaea Ether linkage Lipid monolayer Thermophiles

8. Membrane Function Diffusion –osmotic pressure Selective Permeability Transport Proteins Simple Transport – proton motive force

9. Group Translocation Glucose PEP Pyruvate Glucose - 6 - PO4 Transport linked to first step of Glycolysis

10. ABC System Transport Periplasmic-binding protein Membrane-spanning protein Kinase

11. Export Translocase Signal sequence Exoenzymes Toxins

12. Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan, Murein Layer n-acetylglucosamine n-acetylmuramic acid  1-4 Linkage Peptide Cross Links

13. Diaminopimelic acid - all G- Lysine - most G+ d-Alanine, d-Glutamic acid

15. Gram Positive Cell Wall Multi-Track layer 25 layers Teichoic Acid Lysozyme Protoplast Autolysins

16. Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid

17. Gram PositiveGram Negative

18. Gram Negative Envelope Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Peptidoglycan Periplasmic space Cytoplasmic Membrane

19. Gram Negative Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxins Pyrogens -Lipid A Core Polysaccharide O Polysaccharide Porins Periplasmic Space

20. Archaea Cell Wall Pseudopeptidoglycan Β 1-3 linkages N acetyltalosaminuronic acid S-Layer - most common

21. Prokaryotic DNA Closed Circles E. coli chromosome has 4.6 million Bases Supercoiled Haploid Sometimes Plasmids

22. Outer Surface Flagella Pili - Fimbriae Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx

23. Flagella Polar flagella Lophotrichous Peritrichous flagella Flagellin Self Assembly

24. Inclusion Bodies Poly-  - Hydroxybutyric Acid Glycogen

25. Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules Sulfur

26. Magnetosomes Varied morphology

27. Gas Vesicles Protein coat

28. Endospores Most Resistance Cell Withstand Boiling Formed in Cells Contains Calcium dipicolinic Acid 10% Bacillus & Clostridium

29. Endospores need 200 genes May live? 250 million years

30. Taxis Chemotaxis Tumbles – Runs Phototaxis Magnetotaxis Gliding? Twitching

31. Eukaryotic Cells Contains Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts

32. Endosymbiotic Theory

33. Cell Biology Word List Prokaryotic 0.1-50  m Transport Cell Shape 600  m Max? Proteins BacillusCytoplasmicGroup CoccusMembraneTranslocation SpirillumPhospholipidsCell Wall SpirocheteBilayerPeptidoglycan AppendagedSterolsN-acetyl- Strepto, Diplo,Archaeaglucosamine Staphylo.Ether-linksN-acetyl- Size?Permeabilitymuramic acid

34. Cell Biology Word List 2 PeptideArchaeaCore Poly- Cross-linksPseudo-saccharide Diamino-peptidoglycanPorins pimelic acidGram -Periplasmic D-AlanineLipopoly- Space  1-4 linkage saccharideAutolysin Gram+OuterProkaryotic Teichoic acid Membrane DNA LysozymeEndotoxinClosed Circles ProtoplastLipid A4.6X10 6 Bases

35. Cell Biology Word List 3 SupercoiledPhototaxisAcid HaploidMagnetotaxisGlycogen PlasmidsPili, FimbriaePoly- FlagellaCapsule, phosphate Polar FlagellaGlycocalyxMetachromatic PeritrichousSlime layer granules FlagellinInclusionSulfur Self-Assembly BodiesMagnetosomes Chemotaxis Poly-  - Gas Vesicles Tumbles-RunshydroxybutyricEndospores

36. Cell Biology Word List 4 EndosporesEndosymbiotic DipicolinicTheory Acid Eukaryotic Organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts