1. » Please Answer in complete sentences » What was the significance of the White Ship incident? » What were the Christian military orders and what was their purpose?

2. Gothic Architecture, The Second Crusade, Gypsies and Redbeard!

3. » Investiture Controversy » Portugal » Gothic Cathedrals » Eleanor of Aquitaine » Anna Comnena » Gypsies » Frederick I Barbarossa

4. » The First crusade ended with the capture of Jerusalem and the creation of the Crusader States. » The Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaler were created to protect Christians in the Middle East. » Don’t get on an overcrowded ship if you don’t know how to swim.

5. » The Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy, thus bringing to an end the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors.

6. » Battle of São Mamede: Count Afonso I of Portugal defeats his mother, Teresa of León, and gains control of the county, which thus becomes de facto independent.

7. » The Saint-Denis basilica, near Paris, is damaged by a fire. This will give the opportunity to the abbot Suger to rebuild it in a new style, which will open the Gothic period of architecture.

8. » Alfonso VII of León and Castile is crowned in the Cathedral of Leon as Imperator totius Hispaniae, "Emperor of All the Spains". » Stephen succeeds his uncle Henry I as king of England. Matilda, daughter of Henry I and widow of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, opposes Stephen and claims the throne as her own.

9. » Louis VII is crowned King of France. He subsequently marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, daughter of William X.

10. » Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León declared after the Almoravids are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques. He then becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal. » Second Council of the Lateran: The Anacletus schism is settled, and priestly celibacy is made mandatory in the Catholic Church.

11. » The County of Edessa falls to Zengi of Mosul. Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond, Prince of Antioch, under Byzantine influence.

12. » Pope Eugene III issues the bull Quantum praedecessores, calling for the Second Crusade.

13. » George of Antioch conquers Tripoli, Libya for the king of Sicily. » A rainy year causes the harvest to fail in Europe, one of the worse famines of the century ensues.

14. » The Almohad Caliph Abd al- Mu'min destroys the Almoravid Empire after capturing Marrakech and killing the last emir. » With the support of English and Flemish Crusaders, Afonso I of Portugal besieges and conquers Lisbon. » Roger II of Sicily takes Corfu from the Byzantine Empire, and pillages Corinth, Athens and Thebes.

15. » Siege of Damascus by the Second Crusade: ˃June – The Second Crusade reaches Jerusalem. They meet at the Council of Acre and decide to attack Damascus. ˃July – The Siege of Damascus ends in failure. » Anna Comnena writes the Alexiad, which is a biography of her father, Emperor Alexius I.

16. » The earliest textual reference is made to Gypsies working as musicians in Constantinople.

17. » The Treaty of Walingford, under the direction of Theobald of Bec, reconciles Stephen of England and Matilda, ending "The Anarchy" which had occurred during their fight for the throne of England. The treaty grants the throne to Stephen for the duration of his life, but makes Matilda's son, Henry of Anjou, the heir apparent.

18. » Frederick I Barbarossa is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.