1. Colonial America
Chapter 3

2. Early English Settlements
Chapter 3.1

3. England in America The Spanish Armada
Spain and England were close to war because of trading and religious rivalries
Spain = Catholic (Philip II)
England = Protestant (Queen Elizabeth)
Sir Frances Drake (England) attacked ships
Philip sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England, but failed
Spain’s control of the seas disappeared

4. England in America Lost Colony of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh granted right to settle land for England
Liked Roanoke Island, off North Carolina
In 1587 a group led by John White settled and met natives
White left for more supplies in England
Returned three years later to an empty island
Croatoan carved into a tree, but no attempt to reach Croatoan island
Settlers never seen again!

5. Jamestown Settlement
Years after the Roanoke failure, several groups sought charters from King James I
Charter: document granting them right to organize settlements in an area.
Virginia Company:
A group landed in Chesapeake Bay in 1607
Named the river James and their settlement Jamestown
Searching for gold and establishing trade in fish and furs

6. Jamestown Settlement The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company
Investors bought stock (part ownership) in the company
Investors would either make money or lose money based on the results of the company
Similar to the stock market today
Supply and demand
Supply: amount of a good that you have
Demand: peoples’ desire for that good
As a business person you want high demand for your goods, and not too large of a supply.
Supply: the less supply of a good, the more rare it is…and more people will pay for it
Demand: the more demand there is, the more people will pay for it

7. Jamestown Settlement Jamestown Survives…somehow
Conditions not good (malaria and hunger)
People were not making money
Searching for gold
Tried to set up trade with fur and fish
John Smith worked with local Natives and forced colonists to work in order to survive (Pocahontas stories not true)
If you don’t work, you don’t eat!
Jamestown struggles when he leaves (starving time)

8. Jamestown Settlement
Colonists finally found a way to make money…growing tobacco (thanks John Rolfe!). Things improved:
Better relationship with natives
More settlers (headright system)
House of Burgesses makes local laws
Financial troubles led to cancelled charter
Jamestown becomes first English colony in 1624

9. New England Colonies
Chapter 3.2

10. Religious Freedom
Unlike Jamestown settlers, many colonists came in search of religious freedom
King Henry VIII broke from Catholic Church in 1534
Two groups of Protestants emerge
Puritans: wanted to reform the church
Separatists: wanted to leave church and start their own
Separatists were persecuted against
Fled to Netherlands, but wanted an English lifestyle

11. Religious Freedom The Pilgrim’s Journey The Mayflower Compact
Separatists considered themselves Pilgrims because their journey had a religious purpose
The Mayflower Compact
Settled in Plymouth due to weather
Led by William Bradford
Outside of Virginia Company’s territory
Mayflower Compact created
pledged loyalty to England
agree to obey laws passed “for the general good of the colony”
first step in creating a representative government

12. Religious Freedom Help from the Native Americans
Nearly half of the Pilgrims died in the first winter from malnutrition, disease, and cold
Squanto and Samoset helped Pilgrims in the spring
Showed them how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins
Showed them where to hunt and fish
Helped create peace with the Wampanoag people and their leader, Massasoit
Without their help, Pilgrims likely wouldn’t have survived

13. New Settlements King Charles takes the throne in 1625
Puritans wanted to leave England
Massachusetts Bay Company forms in 1629
Charter to settle near Boston
John Winthrop selected as Governor

14. New Settlements Growth and Government
More than 15,000 Puritans went to Massachusetts during the 1630s (Great Migration)
Government
Winthrop and assistants made laws at first
Colonists demanded more of a role
Elected assembly begins
Male church members voted for governor and town representatives
Little tolerance for other beliefs

15. New Settlements Connecticut and Rhode Island
Puritans lack of tolerance forced many to settle elsewhere
Connecticut settlers adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First written Constitution discussing the organization of a representative government
Rhode Island established by Roger Williams
Believed in religious tolerance (religion out of government)
Believed it was wrong to take land from natives

16. New Settlements Conflict with Native Americans
Many settlements were on Native American land, which led to conflict
King Philip’s War
Metacomet, Chief of the Wampanoag, organized rebellion against colonists
Colonists were victorious, destroyed much of the natives’ power in the area
Colonists have the freedom to expand in new lands

17. Middle Colonies
Chapter 3.3

18. England and the Colonies
Oliver Cromwell leads groups of Puritans seeking more power in Parliament
Takes over the government in 1649
Wants new land for England between the colonies they already own
Middle colonies become the most ethnically diverse set of colonies

19. England and the Colonies
England Takes Over
New Amsterdam becomes a target for England
Already owned by Dutch
Great port and rivers for trade
1664: fleet of English ships take over New Amsterdam
Duke of York (Charles’ brother) given land and complete control
Colony thrives

20. England and the Colonies
New Jersey
Duke of York gives southern portion of his colony to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
Name it New Jersey
Proprietors of the land: complete control
To attract settlers they promised:
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
Representative assembly (in charge of taxes and laws)
No natural ports = no big profits

21. Pennsylvania William Penn given land as payment for a debt
Saw Pennsylvania as a chance to spread Quaker beliefs:
Everyone is equal
Pacifists
“inner light” to salvation
Philadelphia established on Native American land, but paid for
Quakers also known as Society of Friends
Charter of Liberties (1701) gave people the right to elect representatives

22. Southern Colonies
Chapter 3.4

23. Maryland and Virginia As plantations grew, so did the need for workers
People sent over to work included:
Criminals: could earn a release after seven years
Slaves: African prisoners of war sold to European slave traders
Indentured servants: worked without pay for a set amount of time in order to get to colonies

24. Maryland and Virginia Establishing Maryland
Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) wanted to establish Maryland as a safe place for Catholics
Estates given to numerous people, population grew
Conflict with Penn over boundary led to the Mason Dixon Line
Protestants outnumber the Catholics and take control
Catholics face the same restrictions they did in England

25. Maryland and Virginia Bacon’s Rebellion
Virginia’s growth led to a deal with Native Americans (chunk of land given to colonists and colonists won’t expand west)
Nathaniel Bacon opposed the deal
Leads rebellion against natives and Jamestown rulers
Exiled William Berkeley, as leader, for a brief bit
Bacon’s sudden death stopped complete take over, and things returned to normal
Rebellion showed that colonists would not settle for staying along the coast

26. Carolinas and Georgia Northern and Southern Carolina
Two colonies form after a split in philosophy
Both colonies created for profit:
North: tobacco, timber, and tar (used Virginia harbor)
South: deerskin, lumber, and beef
Two dominant crops for both:
Rice (which led to more slaves)
Indigo

27. Carolinas and Georgia Georgia
James Oglethorpe given a charter to start a colony in the south for two purposes:
Debtors get a fresh start
Protection from Spain
Things did not go according to plan:
Very poor people came in large amounts
People hated Oglethorpe’s rules