1. The Planting of English America 1500-1733 Chapter 2

2. Chapter Themes  After a late start, a proud, nationalistic England joined the colonial race and successfully established five colonies along the southeastern seacoast of North America. Although varying somewhat in origins and character, all these colonies exhibited plantation agriculture, indentured and slave labor, a tendency toward strong economic and social hierarchies, and a pattern of widely scattered, institutionally weak settlement.  The early southern colonies’ encounters with Indians and African slaves established the patterns of race relations that would shape the North American experience- in particular, warfare and reservations for the Indian and lifelong slave codes for African-Americans.

3. 1 st Settlements in North America  The Spanish founded a settlement in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1610.  The French founded Quebec, Canada in 1608.  The English founded Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

4. England and Imperialism  Queen Elizabeth encouraged English buccaneers, such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh, to raid Spanish ships and settlements.

5. English Imperialism  The English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.  Spain’s empirical dreams and fighting spirit had been weakened - helping to ensure the English’s naval dominance over the North Atlantic.

6. Causes for English Colonization  Laws of primogeniture decreed that only the eldest son were eligible to inherit land estates  Joint-stock companies were perfected – investors could pool capital  Population growth provided workers  Depression and unemployment hit England  Thirst for adventure, new markets and religious freedom

7. Jamestown  1606 – The Virginia Company of London, a joint stock company, received a charter from King James I for a settlement in the New World  The company landed in Jamestown on May 24, 1607

8. Captain John Smith  1608 – Captain John Smith took over the town, implemented military control and enforced a “no work no eat policy”  Winter of 1609 – 1610, of the 400 settlers to arrive, only 60 survived

9. Clash of Culture  Lord De La Warr reached Jamestown in 1610 with supplies and military.  Strained relations with the Native Americans resulted in the First Anglo-Powhatan War.  The Indians were again defeated in the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644.  By 1685, the English considered the Powhatan people to be extinct.

10. Virginia : Child Of Tobacco  John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614, ending the First Anglo- Powhatan War.  In 1619, self-government was instituted in Virginia. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly known as the House of Burgesses.  King James I made Virginia a royal colony of England in 1624

11. Maryland : A Catholic Haven  Maryland was formed in 1634 by Lord Baltimore.  Maryland was made for a refuge for the Catholics to escape the wrath of the Protestant English government.  The Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative group in Maryland, granted toleration to all Christians.

12. The West Indies  By the mid-17th Century, England had secured its claim to several West Indian Islands.  Sugar was, by far, the major crop on the Indian Islands.

13. The West Indies  To support the massive sugar crops, millions of African slaves were imported.  By 1700, the number of black slaves to white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly 4 to 1.  In order to control the large number of slaves, the Barbados Slave Code of 1661 denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves.

14. The Carolinas  Civil War plagued England in the 1640s (Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads)  1707 – Savannah Indians ended their relationship with the Carolinians and moved to the new colony of Pennsylvania  Almost all of the Indians were killed in raids before they could depart - in 1710.  Rice became the primary export of the Carolinas.

15. Pennsylvania  William Penn received a charter for a new colony because of debt owed to his father (1681)  Penn was a Quaker  Pennsylvania was founded on peace and brotherhood  Philadelphia – City of Brotherly Love

16. Class Discussion Questions  What did England and the English settlers really want from colonization? National glory? Wealth? Adventure? A solution to social tension? New sources of goods and trade? Did they get what they wanted?  Was the development of African slavery in the North American colonies inevitable? (Consider that it never developed in some other colonial areas, for example, Mexico and New France.) How would the North American colonies have been different without slavery?