2. Vital Signs

3. The Five Vital Signs n Level of responsiveness n Breathing n Pulse n Temperature n Blood pressure

4. Other Signs n Skin temperature, moisture & color n Capillary refill time n State of the pupils n Ability to move n Response to pain and touch

5. AVPU g A lert g V erbal stimuli g P ain g U nresponsive AVPUAVPU

6. Breathing n Normal u 12-20/min adults u 15-30/children n Labored breathing n Ineffective breathing u Cyanosis F blue discoloration of skin, lips & nails u Altered mental status

7. Breathing - Other Signs n Noise n Odor u oral hygiene u alcohol u indigestion u diabetes u kidney failure u poisons

8. The Pulse n Rate u 50-90 bpm/adult u 80-100 bpm/child u don’t use your thumb n Rhythm n Strength

9. Normal Pulse n Healthy person n Uncomplicated high blood pressure n Early shock

10. Strong, Slow Pulse n Sleep n Simple fainting n Early increased intracranial pressure n Well-conditioned athlete

11. Weak, Slow Pulse n Hypothermia n Late increased intracranial pressure

12. Strong, Fast Pulse n Early heat stroke n Fever n Overactive thyroid gland n Early shock n Excitement or fright n Strenuous physical activity

13. Weak, Fast Pulse n Overwhelming infection n Late heat stroke n Late shock n Diabetic coma n Some types of heart disease

14. Irregular Pulse n Sinus arrhythmia n Some types of heart disease

15. Pulse Assessment Locations n Carotid artery n Femoral artery n Radial pulse n Brachial pulse n Dorsalis pedis pulse n Posterior tibial pulse

16. Temperature n Normal: 98.6 ° F (37°C) n Hypothermia: 95°F (35°C) n Locations u Oral u Ear u Axillary u Rectal

17. Blood pressure n Systolic pressure n Diastolic pressure n Pulse pressure n How to evaluate u Auscultation u Palpation

18. Skin Temperature, Moisture and Color n Red, moist, warm skin n Red, dry, warm skin n Pale, moist, cool skin n Pale, dry, cool skin n Blue skin n Yellow skin

19. Capillary Refill Time

20. Reaction of the Pupils n Constricted n Dilated

21. Pupillary Changes n Normal pupils n Pinpoint pupils n Large pupils n Unequal pupils

22. Reaction to Pain & Touch n Feeling n Localization

23. Ability to Move n Free movement n Resisted movement n Weakness n One side vs. both sides n Paralysis

24. Triad n Level of responsiveness n State of pupils n Lateralized extremity weakness