1. Where the movies came from….

2. Magic Lanterns

3. Entertainment before Film…. Vaudeville: live stage performance with different acts put together, such as comedy, singers, acrobat, dancers, magicians, etc. Carnivals/Amusement Parks Peepshows: pornographic images shown in a coin- operated book (evolved into films) Magic Lanterns: slide projector that would show different stories or create backgrounds for performances (vaudeville, theatre)

4. Entertainment before Film…. Parks/Beaches/Boats Theatre (plays) Concerts Books Streetcar (trip to downtown) Sports Radio: serials (short radio plays that were a weekly show, usually very dramatic; evolved into films) Family Events: games, make believe, etc.

5. Photographic Roots The work of photographer Eadweard Muybridge

6. Creating Motion

7. Inventors of Cinema Much debate about who actually invented it Different countries and scientists/artists were all working on film The following people are some of the leaders in the development of film’s technical growth

8. Thomas Edison American, 1847-1931 Invented the phonograph (record player) In 1891 he invented the kinectoscope: which used 35mm film and projected it for one person to watch Very racy/provocative images

9. Max Skladanowsky German 1863-1939 Invented the bioskop: a device used to project film; done with two projectors to make up the needed speed Credited with showing the first films to a paying audience

10. Auguste and Louis Lumière French Auguste (1862-1954) & Louis (1864-1948) Invented the cinematographe: a device that worked as a movie camera, film developer and film projector Scenes of everyday people

11. Lumière’s Cinematographe This technology is what took off, being reproduced around the world and made the Lumière brothers leaders in the development of film.

12. Enter Cinematic Art With the technology in place, filmmakers became more artistic and the movie became extremely popular. Many films were thought to be very controversial, showing intimate (personal) situations, violence, drama and stories. Important early filmmakers include: George Méliès, Edwin S. Porter, and D. W. Griffith

13. Georges Méliès Groundbreaking film director Often referred to as the “Cinemagician” Science-fiction/fantasy Discovered many special effects A Trip to the Moon (1902) was the first film to explore these ideas. Impacted film for its: Special effects/technical developments Imagination’s role in filmmaking Film as escapism (a way to escape the everyday of our lives)

14. Edwin S. Porter American, 1869-1941 Worked at Thomas Edison’s studios The Great Train Robbery (1903) – one of the most important and influential films because of: How it was shot out of order and then edited later Established many clichés that would be used in westerns in following years Was a huge hit, proving that money could be made from films as an industry How dramatic and suspenseful it was

15. Edwin S. Porter The Great Train Robbery, 1903

16. D. W. Griffith American, 1875-1948 Known as the “father of film” and the “master storyteller of film” Famous for his epic films: stories with a grand narrative (big story; usually historical subject matter), lavish (fancy) sets and costumes, many extras (people who are in the movie without being actual characters)

17. D. W. Griffith Birth of a Nation (1915) Story about the American Civil War Extremely controversial then and now for its depiction of history and racial issues Was protested by theatres and audiences Sparked many riots, even a lynching Considered one of the first, major feature films (films that are longer than one hour) Intolerance (1916) Response to Birth of a Nation Cost to make it was huge for that time Focuses on the effects of hate and intolerance of the world and its people