1. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Dioxins in Candidate Countries 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava 2./3. February 2004

2. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Dioxins in Candidate Countries: Emission measurement program Ulrich Quass Airborne Particle Group IUTA e.V., Germany

3. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Outline  Objectives  Procedure  Responses to query  First campaign  Second campaign  Further options

4. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Objectives Support emission inventory by providing better emission estimates for relevant facilities Identification of unknown hot-spots Check of emission factors used in inventory Support capacity building process in CCs by comitting measaurement tasks to local laboratories supervision of sampling executed by recently formed local groups

5. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Procedure Query to national experts request for proposals of facilities request for information on laboratories Selection of facilities from proposals Selection of appropriate companies/laboratories to be asked for offers Call for tenders Commision of measurements Selection of best offer

6. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 CountySamplingAnalysis Czech Republic1 (experienced) Poland3 (experienced)3 (no HRMS) Slovakia3 ( 1 experienced)1 (experienced) Turkey1 (unexperienced) Latvia1 (unexperienced)No Cyprus1 (unexperienced)No Lithuania1 (unexperienced)No Responses to query (1) Measurement Capabilities

7. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Responses to query (1) Facility Proposals: 10 of 13 countries responded no response from: Hungary, Romania, Slovenia Number of proposals: BgCyCzEstLitLvMPlSkTr 1212211832

8. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 SectorTypeNumberCountry Energy prod.Power plant lignite, 2Bg, Sk heavy oil2M, Cy unknown1Lit Steel industryPig iron tipping1Cz Scrap smelter1Lv Sintering2Pl, Sk EAF & ladle furnace 1Pl Cupola furnace1Pl Responses to query (2)

9. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 SectorTypeNumberCountry Non-ferrous metals Al3Pl, Tr Zn5Pl, Tr Other4Pl Earth & StonesCement, dry1Cy Cement, wet2Est, Lit (?) OtherShale oil prod.1Est Bark combustion1Sk Responses to query (3)

10. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Iron ore Sintering in CCs (activity rates in TNO database) Already measured Scheduled for 2nd campaign

11. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Results of 1. Campaign (1) Iron ore sintering at Cracow, Pl: Concentration [ng I-TEQ/m³] Annual emission [g I-TEQ/year] Emission factor [µg I-TEQ/t] 0.360.50.4 ~ 4(previousMeasurements) Range of EFs measured in Czech Republic: 3.8 – 20.5 µg I-TEQ/t UNEP Tool kit EF: 0.3 - 20 µg I-TEQ/t  Using Tool kit EFs: overestimation?

12. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Results of 1. Campaign (2) Processing of zinc containing meterials, Pl: ProcessConcentration [ng I-TEQ/m³] Annual emission [g I-TEQ/year] Emission factor [µg I-TEQ/t] Electrolytic melting 0.020.0030.04 Zn recovery3.661.1130 ZnO sintering7.290.47111 UNEP Tool kit EFs: 0.3 - 100 µg I-TEQ/t

13. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 tons/year Secondary zinc production (activity data from TNO database) Results of 1. Campaign (3) Turkey?

14. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Results of 1. Campaign (4) Kunda cement factory, Estonia: Concentration [ng I-TEQ/m³] Annual emission [g I-TEQ/year] Emission factor [µg I-TEQ/t] 0.0180,040,07 UNEP Tool kit EFs: 0.15 - 5 µg I-TEQ/t

15. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Second Campaign Selected sources: iron ore sintering, Sk Bark combustion, Sk Sec. Aluminium production, Tr Power plant, lignite, Bg Steel works, Latvia Potentially relevant source Potentially relevant first measurement in Tr, State of biofuel combustion Typical facility for CCs(?) Relevant for Lv(?), scrap from Russia

16. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Options for 2nd project year (1) A: 3rd measurement campaign B: Training study for „Newcomer“ laboratories

17. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 0.007 ? 0.037 ! 3rd measurement campaign?

18. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 3rd measurement campaign?

19. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Training for New Labs? „New“ sampling teams founded in Estonia Latvia Lithuania Cyprus Turkey (also analysis) „Experienced teams available from Czech Republic Poland Slovakia

20. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Draft outline of an intercomparison study: 2 samplings simultaneously (1 as reference, 1 to test) Each team 3 samples and 1 blank Overall samples: {6 (ref) + 7 (test)} * 3 = 39 Overall blanks:{6 (ref) + 7 (test)} * 1 = 13  52 analyses Analyses to be done by one laboratory, some samples split for cross-checks  ~ 60 analyses Campaign duration: ca. 3 weeks, 1 team all days, other each 3-4 days  ~ 60 pers.-days Overall cost estimate: ~ 70,000 – 80,000 € Training for New Labs?

21. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Training for New Labs? Open questions: Suitable plant (2 ports, PCDD/F level ~ 1 ng I-TEQ/m³) Selection of reference sampling team Selection of central laboratory Local campaign organisation

22. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004 Conclusion Measurements made so far Surprisingly low emissions from sinter plant Expectable emissions from sec. zinc production (Pl) and cement plant (Est) Measurements scheduled for 2nd campaign 2nd Sinter plant, biofuel(bark) combustion (Sk) Sec. Al production, Power plant (Tr, Bg; co-operation) Steel works scrap prcessing (Lv, co-operation) Options for continuation 3rd campaign (further relevant sources?) Field intercomparison (  capacity building)

23. Dioxins in CCs, 2nd Project Workshop, Bratislava Feb. 2./3. 2004