1. FRIENDSHIP
“Friendship is like peeing on yourself: Everyone can see it, but only you get the warm feeling that it brings.”

2. CANINE ESTROUS CYCLE

3. QUEEN – ESTROUS CYCLE Onset of puberty: ______________ mths
Female cats are_____________________
Cycle controlled by the _______________ and________________________
12-14 hours of light and 2.5kgs
In the absence of ovulation or pregnancy, repeated estrous cycles occur every _________ days

4. Spontaneous follicular growth - Proestrus, Estrus
Estrogen
FSH
Proestrus
GnRH
FSH

5. PROESTRUS in the queen
PROESTRUS: The period of____________________, but _____________ to mate
Physical signs of proestrus:
Owner may notice increased affection
______________ vulvar swelling or vaginal discharge in cats
Hormonal signs of proestrus:
Characterized by increasing serum __________ concentrations
Cytologic signs of proestrus:
Epithelial cells become _______________________
Duration of proestrus: _________________ days

6. ESTRUS in the queen
ESTRUS: The period of sexual receptivity and follicle maturation
Physical signs of estrus:
Queen allows___________________
Extreme affection (head rubbing, vocalization, crouching of the thoracic limbs with rigid extension of the pelvic limbs,_________________, lateral deviation of the tail)
Hormonal signs of estrus:
Peak serum concentrations of __________________
Cytologic signs of estrus:
Maximum vaginal epithelium cornification
Duration of estrus: 7-9 days

7. LORDOSIS

8. Cats are known to be “induced ovulators”
ESTRUS
Cats are known to be “induced ovulators”
Ovulation of the mature follicle occurs as a result of _____________________ of the vagina and cervix during mating

9. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PREGNANCY AND BIRTH

10. PREGNANCY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS: _____________ (~days 21-30)
Hormone assay
Ultrasonography
________________y (~day 45)

11. PREGNANCY: RADIOGRAPHS

12. PREGNANCY:RADIOGRAPHS

13. PREGNANCY GESTATION: the period of pregnancy THREE STAGES OF LABOR:
DOGS:__________
CATS: ___________
THREE STAGES OF LABOR:
1ST:___________________ contractions
2nd:delivery of the __________________
3rd:delivery of the _______________________
Typically, newborns and placentas are delivered alternately

14. PREGNANCY SIGNS OF IMPENDING PARTUITION:
Nesting behavior: __________ hours before
Inappetance
Panting, shivering
Drop in rectal temperature ~24-48 hours before partuition (caused by abrupt decrease in progesterone): ______________

15. PREGNANCY
LABOR, STAGE I: intermittent __________________ with no sign of abdominal straining
Restlessness, panting, nesting may continue through stage I
Cervix __________________

16. STAGE I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd8Bo1qc54A&feature=related

17. PREGNANCY LABOR, STAGE II: _______________ of the newborn
Rectal temp begins to rise to normal or slightly above
Passing of ________________________
Expulsive uterine contractions accompanied by abdominal contractions
1st fetus usually delivered within ___________________ hours
Bitch will break the amniotic membrane, lick the neonate intensely, and sever the umbilical cord

18. PREGNANCY LABOR, STAGE II: WARNING SIGNS
The bitch should be examined by a vet for the following reasons:
______________________ , but no pup is born within 2-4 hrs
Fetal fluid passed more than 2-3 hrs previously, but nothing more has happened
If she has had weak, irregular straining for more than _______________ hours
If she has had strong, regular _______________ for more than minutes, but no pup born
More than 2-4 hours have passed since the birth of the last puppy and more remain
If she has been in stage II for more than ___________hours

19. PREGNANCY LABOR, STAGE II Interval between births
Usually minutes
Partuition should never be allowed to last more than ________________ hours

20. PREGNANCY LABOR, STAGE III: expulsion of the placenta
Usually follows within ___________ minutes of each fetus
Bitch may eat the placentas, but sometimes can be associated with vomiting and diarrhea
_____________ – greenish (red-black) postpartum discharge of fetal fluids and placental remains will be seen for up to 3 weeks or more

21. PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS

22. PEOPLE
“Everyone has a photographic memory, it’s just that some people don’t have film.”

23. PREGNANCY
DYSTOCIA: __________________ birth or the __________________________ through the birth canal without assistance
Causes:
Abnormal fetal position or size
Uterine _________________
Narrowed birth canal
Diagnosis:
Digital palpation of vagina
Radiographs
ultrasound
Labor >4 hours without fetus
Green vaginal discharge – parturition
> 1hour in between births

24. PREGNANCY: DYSTOCIA TREATMENT:
_______________ manipulation: a fetus lodged in the vaginal canal can be manually dislodged.
For uterine inertia: ________________ injections result in contraction of the uterine muscles; also, calcium preparations can be given
_______________________________

25. PREGNANCY: INAPPROPRIATE MATERNAL BEHAVIOR
DAM SHOULD:
Allow nursing
Grooming
Stimulate __________________, ______________function
Stimulates elimination and removal of waste material
retrieving
Protecting
DAM SHOULD NOT:
Attack, kill, or cannibalize her young
Be overly protective, restless, or aggressive

26. PREGNANCY: LACTATION DISORDERS
Agalactia: _______________ of milk production
Causes include;
Stress, malnutrition, premature partuition, or infection
Galactostasis: milk______________, which can result in mastitis
Mastitis: a septic inflammation of the mammary gland
Clinical signs:
_____________, _______________________, ________________, reluctance to allow nursing, abscessed glands

27. PREGNANCY: LACTATION DISORDERS
Treatment for mastitis:
Antibiotics
Warm compresses
Do not allow ______________ from affected glands

28. OTHER REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS:
PYOMETRA: Literally “_____________________”
High levels of _______________________ cause several changes in the uterus:
hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial glands of the uterus
Decreased myometrial contractions
Predisoposes the uterus to bacterial infection
Most common bacteria isolated is_______________________

29. PYOMETRA CLINICAL SIGNS: DIAGNOSIS: Vulvar discharge Vomiting
Dehydration
____________________________________
Azotemia
DIAGNOSIS:
Radiology (r/o pregnancy)
Ultrasound
Bloodwork
_____________________ , neutrophilia with a left shift

30. PYOMETRA
This is a potentially life-threatening condition

31. PYOMETRA

32. PYOMETRA An open pyometra is when the
Cervix is open and allows drainage
Of the pus
Preferred treatment is _________________________
As well as antibiotics and fluid therapy