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Chapter 9 Section 2
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
When I ask you to list parts of a plant what would you say? Roots Stem Leaves Flowers
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
What if I asked you how plants grow? From a seed! What if I tell you that some plants don’t have the basic parts to a plant or grow from a seed?
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
When you hear the words seedless nonvascular what does that make you think about this type of plant? They don’t grow from a seed They are not vascular
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
Characteristics of a seedless nonvascular plant Few cells thick 2 – 5 cm tall Most have a stalk Green, leaf-like growths Rhizoids instead of roots Grow where it is damp
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Seedless Nonvascular Plant
Rhizoid: Threadlike structure that anchors a seedless, nonvascular plant
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
Where can you find these type of plants? Places that are damp Why do they need to live in this type of environment? To absorb water directly through the cell wall and membrane
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Seedless Nonvascular Plants
How do they reproduce? By spores Examples Mosses Liverworts Hornworts
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Mosses
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Mosses Most nonvascular plants are mosses
Have green, leaf-like growths arranged around a central stalk Sometimes the stalk has a cap Spores are produced in the caps of the stalks
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Mosses
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Mosses Where can you often find mosses? Where are some adapted to live
Growing on tree trunks Rocks The ground Where are some adapted to live The desert
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Liverworts What does a liverwort look like? Rootless Flat
Leaf-like body
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Hornworts What is different about hornworts?
Only 1 chloroplast in each of their cells Their spore-producing structures look like tiny horns of cattle
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Importance 1st to grow in a new or undisturbed area
This is important after a forest fire or lava flow What is a pioneer species? Organisms that are the first to grow in a new or undisturbed area
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Importance What happens as a pioneer species grows and dies over time?
Decaying material builds up This helps build soil When enough soil is formed, other organisms move into the area
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Seedless Vascular When you hear the words seedless vascular plant what do you think of? No seeds Have tube-like structures to carry water, minerals, and food throughout the plant
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Seedless Vascular Why is having vascular tissue an advantage?
They can grow bigger Can grow thicker They don’t have to live in an environment with constant water Water and nutrients are distributed to all plant cells
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Types of Seedless Vascular
Examples: Ferns – more than 12,000 species Ground pines Spike mosses Horsetails Flourished 360 – 286 million years ago
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Ferns
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Ferns Largest group Have stems, leaves, and roots
What are their leaves called? Fronds
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Ferns How do ferns reproduce?
Spores which are under the frond Ferns were even more abundant 360 million years ago when most of the Earth was tropical
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Club Mosses What groups of plants are called club mosses? Ground Pines
Spike mosses
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Club Mosses Why don’t we classify them with the mosses?
Closely related to ferns Ground pines are found in arctic regions and even the tropics Endangered in some areas because they are collected to make wreaths
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Club Mosses Spike Mosses: 1 species is adapted to desert conditions
Water is limited it curls up and appears dead Water available it uncurls and greens back up
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Horsetails Has a jointed stem with a hollow center
The hollow center is surrounded by a ring of vascular tissue Leaves grow out of each joint
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Horsetail
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Importance of Seedless Plants
When ancient seedless plants died they became submerged in water and mud Decomposed, compacted, and compressed Over a million years coal was made
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Importance
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Peat Bog plants die and decay slowly
Decaying plants are compressed into peat Peat is used as a low-cost fuel in Ireland and Russia We use it in gardens Eventually there is a possibility it could become coal
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Peat
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Uses of Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns: Landscape plants in shady areas Peat: Soil conditioner and to line hanging baskets Rhizomes and young fronds are edible Treat bee stings, burns, fevers, and dandruff Horsetail: 1 type has stems that can be made into flour
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Plant Kingdom
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