1. The U.S. Space-Based PNT Current Program and Future Trends Anthony Russo Deputy Director April 23, 2008

2. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 2 Introduction During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) –Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance –Augmentations improve performance Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure –Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities –Innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental protection, public security and science

3. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 3

4. 4 GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoring of the Earth To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

5. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 5 Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium Earth Orbit Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies Two types of signals: –Standard (free of direct user fees) –Precise (U.S. and allied military) Three segments: –Space –Ground control –User equipment Global Positioning System (GPS)

6. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 6 GPS Constellation 13 Block IIA satellites 12 Block IIR satellites 6 Block IIR-M satellite –Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need –2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining –Next launch: June 2008 Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993 31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24) 31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

7. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 7 Ground Antenna Master Control Station (Schriever AFB) GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Ascension Diego Garcia Cape Canaveral Hawaii Kwajalein Schriever AFB Colorado S Korea Australia Bahrain S Africa England Argentina Ecuador Tahiti USNO Alaska Monitor Station NewZealand Vandenberg AFB California NGA Monitor Station OCS Monitor Station Ground AntennaFuture Monitor Station Master Control Station Backup Master Control Station

8. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 8 GPS III (Block III) Increased accuracy Increased signal strength Signal integrity Search and Rescue Common Galileo OS/GPS (L1C) Legacy (Block IIA/IIR) Basic GPS C/A civil signal (L1C/A) Std Pos. Service Precise Pos. Service L1 & L2 P(Y) nav Modernized (Block IIR-M) 2nd civil signal (L2C) M-Code signals (L1M, L2M) Satellites Modernized (Block IIF) 3rd civil signal (L5) Upgraded (AEP) IIR-M IIF TT&C WAGE, AII, LADO New MCS/AMCS Legacy TT&C L1 & L2 monitoring Control Systems User Equipment Legacy Man Pack MAGR, PLGR RCVR-3A, 3S OH, UH FRPA, CRPA Upgraded DAGR CSEL GAS-1 MAGR2K GB-GRAM Modernized MUE MSR OCX Block 2 C2 L1C OCX Block 1 (Modernized) New Architecture L2C, L5, M-Code Flex Power OCX Block 3/4) Spot Beam Mission Planning Near-real Time Command and Control All Segment – GPS Modernization

9. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 9 GPS Modernization – the Future Second civil signal “L2C” – Designed to meet commercial needs Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction – Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014 Third civil signal “L5” – Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band – Begins with GPS Block IIF – 1st launch: ~2008 (GPS IIR-M Demo); ~2009 (GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2016 Fourth civil signal “L1C” – Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability – Begins with GPS Block III – First launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021

10. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 10 Continuous Performance Improvement Decreasing range error Performance Standard Year Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services –Accuracy –Bounded inaccuracy –Assured availability –Integrity –Resistance to RF interference/jamming Accuracy

11. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 11 WAAS Architecture 38 Reference Stations 3 Master Stations 4 Signal Generator System/ Ground Earth Stations 2 Geostationary Satellite Links 2 Operational Control Centers

12. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 12 GEO Satellite Improvements IOC WAAS (Commissioned system) utilized two Inmarsat satellites –Provided single satellite coverage over the majority of the U.S. –Inmarsat satellites removed from operational WAAS July 2007 Two replacement satellites launched in 2005 Intelsat (Galaxy XV) –Operational November 2006 (Datalink Only) –Ranging scheduled operational mid 2008 Telesat Canada (Anik F1R) –Operational July 2007, for corrections & ranging Telesat 107  W Intelsat 133  W

13. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 13 U.S. Policy History 1978: First GPS satellite launched 1983: President offered free civilian GPS access to GPS 1996: Established joint civil/military GPS management 1997: Congress passes law providing civil GPS access free of direct user fees 2000: President set Selective Availability to “Zero” 2004: President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT 2007: President announces Selective Availability eliminated from future GPS III satellites

14. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 14 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy No direct user fees for civil GPS services Open public signal structures for all civil services –Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services –Encourages open market-driven competition Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal standards Promote global compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems with GPS Protect the radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference Recognition of national and international security issues and protect against misuse

15. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 15 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy Recognizes the changing international scene –Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT –Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation –Membership includes: State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA Established National Coordination Office with staff from each member agency

16. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 16 WHITE HOUSE ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce U.S. Space-Based PNT Structure GPS International Working Group Chair: State GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Ad Hoc Working Groups Defense Transportation State Interior Agriculture Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA

17. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 17 Key Executive Committee Activities Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan –Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development, acquisition, sustainment and modernization of U.S. space-based PNT systems Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan –Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations National PNT Architecture –Provides national PNT framework/investment strategy to help guide future PNT system-of-systems investment – 2025 timeframe International Cooperation and Consultation –Compatibility and interoperability with other foreign systems Eight meetings since 2006

18. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 18 U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal –Radio frequency compatibility –Spectral separation between M code and other signals Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal – Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Cooperation

19. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 19 International Committee on GNSS (ICG) and Providers Forum ICG was established November 2006 –Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries and encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems –Members include: GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan), international organizations and associations –U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Dec 2008 Providers Forum established at ICG-2, Sep 2007 –Six providers listed above are members –Enables focused discussions on compatibility and interoperability –Consensus reached on the general definitions of compatibility and interoperability - including spectral separation between each system’s authorized service signals and other systems’ signals

20. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 20 Summary U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in policy, programs and international outreach Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding well U.S. space-based PNT system performance continue to imimprove into the future International cooperation is a top U.S. priority –Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations New GNSS applications emerging As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

21. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 21 Web-based Information PNT.gov established to provide a source for information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program including: –U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership, Advisory Board and frequently asked questions –Announcements about Selective Availability and offer letter to International Civil Aviation Organization –Recent public presentations GPS.gov established for public information about GPS applications –Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese –Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request –Links to various other Web sites

22. ENC-GNSS 04/23/08 22 Contact Information Anthony Russo Deputy Director U.S. National Coordination Office Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230-0001 Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) 482-4429 Anthony.Russo@pnt.gov This presentation and other GPS information: www.pnt.gov