1. POPULATION AND CULTURE
CHAPTER 3
POPULATION AND CULTURE

2. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Culture -- beliefs and actions that define way of life
Cultural Traits -- learned behaviors (language, eating)
Cultural Landscape -- when human beings use natural resources or alter the surface of the earth
Diffusion -- change of culture from outside
Acculturation -- exchanging traits between cultures
-- immigrants culture
becomes mainstream
Cultural Hearth -- place where ideas begin (farming in M.E.)

3. CULTURE MATERIAL -- People make or build
Examples: technology, food, clothing
NON-MATERIAL
--Patterns of behavior and belief
Examples:
language, religion, Gov., education

4. POPULATION World’s population -- 6.5 billion
Population Density -- average # of people in a square mile
2/3 of the earth is water /2 is uninhabitable (tundra,mt, desert)
How do we figure Pop. Density?
1. Dividing total population by land area
2. Dividing total population by arable land -- land that can be farmed
Birth Rate -- number of live births per year per 1,000
Death Rate -- number of deaths per year per 1,000
“Zero Population Growth” -- numbers are equal

5. Political and Economic Systems
196 independent / sovereign countries in the world – 192 in the U.N.
What is a country?
A unit with four characteristics:
1. Clearly defined territory
2. Population lives there on an ongoing basis
3. Individual sovereignty -- freedom and power to decide the countries policies
4. An internationally recognized Government

6. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
Relationship between the smaller units (states) and the larger units (Federal)
3 TYPES OF GOV. STRUCTURE
1. Unitary -- one central Gov. runs the nation with limited local Gov.
example -- Japan
2. Federalism -- Fed. Gov. has certain powers and reserves some for the state
example -- United States
3. Confederation -- smaller units have more power
example -- Southern U.S. during the civil war

7. Gov. structure continued
Powers of a Federation
A. Delegated power -- Federal Government
example -- creating the armed services, immigration laws
B. Reserved power -- States
example -- establishing schools
C. Concurrent power -- Joint duties
example -- taxes, borrowing money

8. GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY 1. AUTHORITARIAN leader holds the power
WHO HOLDS THE POWER IN THE COUNTRY?
1. AUTHORITARIAN
leader holds the power
TYPES OF AUTHORITARIAN
A. Dictatorship -- gain and keep power by military
B. Totalitarianism -- leaders control all parts of society
C. Monarchy -- Kings and Queens

9. Government Authority - Cont.
2. CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
the monarch is only a figure head
parliament has all the power
3. DEMOCRACY
people choose their leaders and have the power to determine political policy

10. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
1. Capitalist -- market economy
The system of supply and demand
2. Communism -- command economy
The state makes all economic decisions
3. Socialism -- mixed economy
The state operates some industries but there is also some private ownership
4. Traditional Economy
Subsistence (produce enough for family)