1. Changing Focus on Watershed Issues < 1960’s: Water supply and flooding > 1960’s: Land use effects on water quality > 1980’s: Riparian and aquatic ecology

2. EVALUATING WATERSHED PROCESSES STRUGGLES Issue identification and integration of information across disciplines Agency, ownership, and political turfs Appropriate spatial scales Appropriate temporal scales

5. Municipal and domestic supply Agricultural supply Industrial service supply Industrial process supply Groundwater recharge Freshwater replenishment Navigation Hydropower generation Water contact recreation Non-contact water recreation Commercial and sport fishing Aquaculture Warm freshwater habitat Cold freshwater habitat Inland saline water habitat Estuarine habitat Marine habitat Wildlife habitat Preservation of areas of special biological significance Rare, threatened, endangered species Migration of aquatic organisms Spawning, reproduction, and/or early development Shellfish harvesting Beneficial Uses of Water defined by Water Quality Control Plans (North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board 1994)

6. AQUATIC CONSERVATION STRATEGY Riparian Reserves – lands linked to aquatic systems where special management guidelines apply Key Watersheds – system of large watershed- scale refugia Watershed Analysis – multi-scale integrated ecological, social, and economic science-based approach to implementing the Strategy Watershed Restoration – recovery of fish habitat, riparian habitat, and water quality

7. THE SHAPE OF THE PROBLEM

8. vegetation change high water velocities fishing HABITAT CHANGE more predation altered riparian vegetation less woody debris shallow water altered circulation & temperature industrialization subsistence sport commercial ocean freshwater & estuary migration blockage high water temperature altered spawning gravels dams aggradation more erosion higher peak flows logging, grazing, urbanization, etc. THE TRADITIONAL SHAPE OF THE PROBLEM DISAPPEARING SALMON

9. vegetation change ECA TMDL etc fishing HABITAT CHANGE more predation altered riparian vegetation less woody debris shallow water altered circulation & temperature industrialization subsistence sport commercial ocean freshwater & estuary migration blockage high water temperature altered spawning gravels dams aggradation more erosion higher peak flows logging, grazing, urbanization, etc. THE INDEX SHAPE OF THE PROBLEM DISAPPEARING SALMON

10. STRUGGLES Issue identification and integration of information across disciplines Agency, ownership, and political turfs Appropriate spatial scales Appropriate temporal scales

13. STRUGGLES Issue identification and integration of information across disciplines Agency, ownership, and political turfs Appropriate spatial scales Appropriate temporal scales

16. EVALUATING WATERSHED PROCESSES STRUGGLES Issue identification and integration of information across disciplines Agency, ownership, and political turfs Appropriate spatial scales Appropriate temporal scales