1. Chapter 19 Food Resources

2. World Food Security

3.  Famine-  Maintaining Grain Stocks  Amount of grain remaining from previous harvest  Provides measure of food security  Decreased each year since 1987

4. Reason for Decline in Grain Stock  Rising temps  Falling water tables and droughts  Ethanol production  More grain is going towards feeding livestock  Increased meat consumption in developing countries

5. World Food Security  Economics and Politics  Cost $ to store, produce, transport and distribute food  political  Poverty and Food  ________people are so poor they cannot afford proper nutrition 1.3 billion

6. Animals as food  Constitute 40% of the calories consumed in developed countries  Only comprise 5% of calories consumed in developing countries

7. Vegetarianism

8.   One personal act that can have a profound impact on these issues is reducing meat consumption.   To produce 1 pound of feedlot beef requires about 2,400 gallons of water and 7 pounds of grain (42).   If all the grain currently fed to livestock in the United States were consumed directly by people, the number of people who could be fed would be nearly 800 million Vegetarianism

9. Principle Types of Agriculture  Industrialized agriculture  Modern methods that require large capital input, and less land and labor  Subsistence Agriculture  Traditional methods, dependent on labor and large amounts of land  Ex: shifting cultivation, Slash and burn agriculture, Nomadic herding, Intercropping

11.  Domestication and Genetic Diversity Challenges of Producing More Crop and Livestock Irish Potato Famine

12.  Pesticides  Selective breeding Challenges of Producing More Crop and Livestock

13. Challenges of Producing More  Increasing Livestock Yields  Hormone supplements  US and Canada  Not used in Europe  Antibiotics  40% of antibiotics produced in US are used in livestock operations http://www.foodincmovie.com/

14. Antibiotic Use and Resistance

15. Genetic Engineering

16. Genetically Modified Organisms  Add beneficial characteristics to crops  Additional nutrition  Resistance to pests  Drought resistances  Herbicides

17. Safety in Genetic Engineering  Concerns about GMOs?  Backlash against GMOs  GMOs are not currently labeled  Prop 37

18. Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

19. Solutions to Agricultural Problems- Sustainable Agriculture

20.  Overharvesting  Many species are at point of severe depletion  62% of world’s fish stock are in need of management action Fisheries of the World - Problems  No nation lays claim to open ocean

21. Fisheries of the World - Problems  Overharvesting  Bycatch killed off  Magnuson Fisheries Conservation Act http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyP41Ts2WeU

23. Fisheries of the World - Problems  Ocean Pollution -  Oil  Heavy metals  Deliberate litter dumping  Stormwater runoff from cities and agriculture  Aquaculture waste

24.   http://www.sierraclub.org/truecostoffood/   http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_con sumer/151/10-toughest-things-to-get-rid-of.html http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_con sumer/151/10-toughest-things-to-get-rid-of.html   http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_con sumer/146/signs-of-a-green-hypocrite.html http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_con sumer/146/signs-of-a-green-hypocrite.html   http://green.yahoo.com/blog/the_conscious_con sumer/62/decoding-plastics-recycling.html