1. Marine Community and OGC Experiences of the MarineXML initiative EU MarineXML project SEEGrid IOC-UNESCO

2. Introduction The issues –Marine Community and Interoperability Solutions –Applications of XML and implications –Approaches to using GML Route map –Where things are going

3. MarineXML Overview Re-use is the nub of the issue

4. MarineXML Overview Major marine-related initiatives requiring data interoperability GOOS / EuroGOOS –Global Ocean Observing System –JCOMM (WMO/IOC) GMES (EC/ESA) –Global Monitoring for Environmental Security

5. MarineXML Overview XML Wrapper

6. History and Context XML has been used for data exchange in several disciplines: –GML (geographic data) –CML (chemical data) –BSML (human genome project) –XMML (mining applications) –XSIL (general-purpose scientific data)

7. WP4 Ontologies and Glossaries Physical - Chemical - Biological ISO FTC and Ontologies –MarineXML deployment should be based on ISO FTCs –FTC is an ontology linking features, attributes and enumerates for a particular community. –Initial FTC expressed in XSD (‘GML application schema’) Prototype marine science ‘ontology’ (D8) complete, but needs issuing as a report. –Developed as NERC-funded project entitled EnParDis with impetus from MarineXML –Incorporated within Marine Profile of NDG giving ‘marine science FT dictionary’ Ontology can be refined as part of the test bed deployment

8. History and Context Projects using XML for marine data exchange: –CML coastal mark-up language Oregon State University (USA) –MIML marine information mark-up language US Coastguard - Waterways Information Network –MMML (triple ML) Model and monitoring data mark-up RIKZ, NL

9. IOC/ICES Study Group National Marine Data Centres MarineXML Initiatives EU MarineXML National Marine Data Centres Private companies Research Organisations Government Agencies MarineXML.net IODE

10. EU MarineXML Project

11. Aims of the EU Project

12. WP3 Standards Review Physical - Chemical - Biological Links with standards bodies –W3C (CCLRC) –IHO/IHB (7CS) –OGC (SCO) Analysis of standards (D6) complete –Implemented as document Standards relationship model (D7) complete –Implemented as Protégé ontology –Look for approaches for deployment and long term update Web resource

13. WP3 Standards Review Physical - Chemical - Biological GML and ISO –ISO 19136 IHO with GML –GML encoding of S-57 v4 (IHB Intent) –GML encoding of S-57 v3.1 (UKHO undertaking) –IHO we have access to through 7CS and UKHO IOC and IHO –Collaboration intent of wider deployment of ‘S-57 FTC’ - IOC member of MarineXML NDG/SEEGrid with GML –NDG/SEEGrid is informing GML 3.1 development –NDG we have contact with through CCLRC/BODC –SEEGrid with have contact with through SCO

14. IHO and FTC catalogue deployment Physical - Chemical - Biological A FTC is by definition bound to a user-community. In the IHO they have four main communities (OEF, ICE, AML, S-57). These communities are not over-diverse and the superset of possible FT's (features, attributes and enumerates) accordingly reasonably 'concentric'. Nevertheless, what IHO are looking to achieve with their move to ISO is not too dissimilar to MarineXML in that they have a 'compound register' (each with its respective FTC) served from their registry. (conceptual diagram of ISO19135 on next slide) To achieve this there must be some kind of ontology to map the various features, attributes and enumerates to the respective FTC: It is not clear how IHO are planning to do this; but the result is a subset of MarineXML, just restricted to the navigation domain. What we (the broader marine community) would like to do is extend this upper ontology and accordingly the features in the data dictionary to enable new FTC's to be defined for other communities. IOC would take on the role of the register Manager for this registry.

15. Registry Concept (from ISO 19135).

16. WP4 Ontologies and Glossaries Physical - Chemical - Biological Science Physical Chemical Biological Navigation Dredging & Extraction Fisheries Aquaculture Conservation Water Quality What is the marine community?

17. WP5 Test Bed Demonstration Physical - Chemical - Biological Mapping between communities Two communities ‘marine science’ (NDG) and ‘navigation’ (S-57) “FT dictionaries” Uses ‘COZDIS’ (ECDIS) for display Demonstrates –the mapping process of mapping MyXML to ‘marine science’ FT’s and marine science to ‘navigation’ –what mapping is and isn't possible –improved re-use through MyXML composed (bottom-up) from FT's –governance model requirements

18. FTC and Test Beds Physical - Chemical - Biological Start with established parameter dictionaries and generic models (NERC Data Grid and S57) This NDG FT dictionary can be mapped to S-57; this is useful to establish the existence of common FT's between the navigation community and the marine science community and “allocate responsibilities” for maintaining certain FT's. This is useful pre- standardisation effort. These test beds can also be used to determine how a suitable governance model can be established between IOC/IHO to manage the registers in the registry; particularly for the common/shared FT's.

19. EC2007 ECDIS Kernel Data Dictionary S52 Portrayal Library SENC Marine GML (NDG) XML Parser XML OBIS Net CDF Other Data XSLT For each XSD (for the source data) there is an XSLT to translate the data to ‘NDG’. The XSD and XSLT are maintained in the registry The result of the translation is a ‘weak-typed’ GML that contains the marine data. NDG can then be translated to SENC for display in the ECDIS system XSLT Features in the XSD must be present in the data dictionary. Features in the XSD must have an associated portrayal XSD SeeGRID

20. NDG “FTC” XML Parser XML OBIS XSLT XSD OBIS OBIS_Vocab_CanMap OBIS_Vocab_NoMap NDG NDG_Vocab OBIS_Vocab_NoMap NDG Register NDG_FTC OBIS is an example of a private XML S-57 S57_Vocab NDG_Vocab_NoMap S-57 Register S57_FTC MarineXML Registery MarineXML Features, Attributes, Enumerates SENC

21. Mapping Issues Physical - Chemical - Biological Mapping with through up all kinds of problems –Strong versus weak typing –Semantic equivalence As this process continues, the dictionary of FT's will rise and so will the number of FTC's built on this. In addition the capabilities of GML will be stretched and may need to updated/extended/modified in future releases.

22. Mapping Issues

23. Feature Types Feature Types support operations –Navigate a road network –Extrapolate a surface from samples The level of granularity has to be based on the governance model for the schema –If no-one is prepared to put in place a process to define semantics, interoperability has reached its limits

24. Feature Type Catalogue A tool for governance of Feature Types –Definitions –Structure –Content –Abstractions (polymorphism support) –Equivalence –Implementation resources

25. Mapping Feature Types FeatureType Reference == Reference QName == QName Content Attributes FTC Transform Declared Equivalence Relationship Transform

26. Track Example Trajectory Feature Reference == Reference CRS PointWayPoint NDG S57 Transform Declared Equivalence Transform

27. Conclusions Physical - Chemical - Biological Standards analysis concluded that MarineXML should be based on IS019000 standards –IHO Plans Marine community cannot be served by a single FTC –Ontology to map features to catalogues –Evolutionary process Test-bed phase beginning End game is re-use amongst the community

28. Conclusions - Conceptual Leap Relationships between Feature Types are not simple Overlapping domains bring additional mappings Content and structure intermingle But there is a way forward…

29. Conclusions - Catalogue/Ontology Duality –The catalogue contains declared relationships… –These relationships form an “ontology” –I.e. you can treat the set of Feature Types meeting some criteria as a vocabulary Weak typed objects classified this way Mapped to more strongly-typed objects –Can interrogate FTC to see if a Feature can be used a certain way

30. Working with MarineXML 7Cs