1. Chapter 10 Wild Species: Biodiversity and Protection

2. Value of Wild Species Instrumental Instrumental Sources for agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, and animal husbandrySources for agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, and animal husbandry Sources for medicines and pharmaceuticalsSources for medicines and pharmaceuticals Recreational, aesthetic and scientific valueRecreational, aesthetic and scientific value Intrinsic – For its own sake, an organism does not have to be useful to us to possess value. Intrinsic – For its own sake, an organism does not have to be useful to us to possess value.

3. Saving Wild Species Game Animals in the U.S. Game Animals in the U.S. State regulations backed by federal government protects many species that were close to extinction (wild turkey)State regulations backed by federal government protects many species that were close to extinction (wild turkey) Using trapping and hunting fees help enhance habitats.Using trapping and hunting fees help enhance habitats. Creating preserves, parks and other hunting areas limit species decimationCreating preserves, parks and other hunting areas limit species decimation There are organizations for and against hunting.There are organizations for and against hunting.

4. Problems Related to Wildlife Protection Some predatory animals are on the increase: Some predatory animals are on the increase: Animals are killed on roadwaysAnimals are killed on roadways Health hazards from rabid opossum, skunk and raccoonHealth hazards from rabid opossum, skunk and raccoon Deer are garden nuisances and can carry ticks with Lyme disease.Deer are garden nuisances and can carry ticks with Lyme disease. Cougar and mountain lion populations are increasingCougar and mountain lion populations are increasing Coyotes found in every state attack pets.Coyotes found in every state attack pets. Canadian Geese consume large amounts of grass and leave waste behind.Canadian Geese consume large amounts of grass and leave waste behind. Animal Damage Control (USDA) which has become the Wildlife Services has support from Congress for funding Animal Damage Control (USDA) which has become the Wildlife Services has support from Congress for funding

5. Protection Policy Audubon Society campaigned against feather fashions Audubon Society campaigned against feather fashions Lacey Act (1900) forbid interstate commerce of illegally killed wildlife and created many wildlife refuges. Lacey Act (1900) forbid interstate commerce of illegally killed wildlife and created many wildlife refuges. Lacey Act Lacey Act Endangered Species Act of 1973 requires the US Fish and Wildlife Service to plan for the recovery of endangered species Endangered Species Act of 1973 requires the US Fish and Wildlife Service to plan for the recovery of endangered species Successes include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, whooping craneSuccesses include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, whooping crane The Habitat Conservation Plan is a compromise between landowners and regulators of the ESAThe Habitat Conservation Plan is a compromise between landowners and regulators of the ESA

6. Biodiversity (p259) Reasons for decline: Reasons for decline: Habitat AlterationHabitat Alteration Invasive species (p263)Invasive species (p263) Population growthPopulation growth PollutionPollution OveruseOveruse

7. Examples of Invasive Species

9. Consequences of Decreased Biodiversity Ecosystem degradation and destruction Ecosystem degradation and destruction Loss of Keystone Species Loss of Keystone Species International steps: International steps: Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) established in 1970’s bans trade of illegal hunting spoils (such as ivory)Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) established in 1970’s bans trade of illegal hunting spoils (such as ivory) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the ‘ecosystem approach’ in managing resources (see p282) – the US has not ratified the developed treaty.Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the ‘ecosystem approach’ in managing resources (see p282) – the US has not ratified the developed treaty. Critical Ecosystem Partnership FundCritical Ecosystem Partnership Fund

10. Stewardship Concerns Reforming policies that lead to declined biodiversity Reforming policies that lead to declined biodiversity Addressing the needs of people whose livelihood derived from exploiting wild species Addressing the needs of people whose livelihood derived from exploiting wild species Practicing conservation at the landscape level Practicing conservation at the landscape level Promoting more research on biodiversity Promoting more research on biodiversity