1. DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN

2. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS: babies I. Imprinting – derived from ethology Holding: mother’s function development of attachment Social learning of emotions (see children raised without a mother/attachment figure)

3. II. INFANCY Family, parental diad (the father figure emerges) Grandparents Siblings III. CHILDHOOD -family -Peers, school group IV. ADOLESCENCE -Distancing from parental models, even rejecting them -Social models emerge (friends, movie stars, teachers etc.) V. YOUNG ADULT -Biological maturation and personality maturation do not overlap -The role of the professional group -The role of community emerges

4. BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGY PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN

5. I. DEFINITIONS 1. MEDICAL TYPOLOGY: the actual reactivity of the patient, correlations between individuals, metabolic specificities, emphasizing on the dynamics of the subject – environment relationship. The “type” provides the essential, while the individual is rich in phenomenons Allport :”typology is half way towards individuality” 2. CONSTITUTION: permanent and essential elements (physical and psychological traits) – reactivity, phenotype and person 3. BIOTYPOLOGIES: they postulate correlations between physical habitus and important psychological features – even since Hyppocrates and ancient astrology

6. ANTIQUITY HYPPOCRATES: -APOPLECTIC TYPE -PHTISIC TYPE GALENUS: types: -SANGVINIC -CHOLERIC -MELANCHOLIC -PHLEGMATIC These are all words with a Greek origin, connecting a certain physical appearance with a specific tendency towards behaviours and illnesses

7. BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGIES CLASIFICATION 1. Morphological criterion -MORPHOTYPES (Hyppocrates) 2. Psychophysiological criterion (Sheldon; Pavlov: activated and inhibited CNS activity) 3. Psychological criterion (Freud, Jung, Schneider) 4. Mixed types (Kretschmer)

8. KRETSCHMER Psychiatric observations combined with comprehensive body measurements 1. LEPTOSOM (ASTHENIC) TYPE: thin oval face, thin body, long and flat chest; psychologically ambivalent, enigmatic, aloof, abstract thinkers who keep to themselves; they tend to develop schizophrenia 2. PICNIC TYPE: round head and face, short neck, round chest and stomach, short limbs; sociable, communicative, alternating between sadness and joy 3. ATHLETIC TYPE: tall, well-built and proportioned body; quiet and with little imagination; 4. Dysplastic type: somatic dismorphisms; rigid, adhesive, impulsive.

9. SHELDON He was an endocrinologist, therefor he clasified types according to embrionary origin of organs: 1. Endomorph variable (INTERNAL ORGANS) → VISCEROTONY 2. Mesomorph variable (MUSCLES) → SOMATOTONY 3. Ectomorph variable (CNS) → CEREBROTONY

10. FREUD For Freud development meant sexual development, and types meant stages of libido (sexual impulse) development 1. ORAL 2. ANAL 3. URETHRAL 4. PHALIC 5. GENITAL = MATURE

11. JUNG Jung was a disciple of Freud, who distanced himself and defined types according to the pattern of relationship with the exterior: –INTROVERTED TYPE –EXTRAVERTED TYPE –AMBIVERT TYPE IRRATIONAL TYPES: 1. PERCEPTIVE 2. INTUITIVE RATIONAL TYPES: 3. AFFECTIVE 4. REFLEXIVE

12. CLINICAL TYPOLOGY: KURT SCHNEIDER –T. Hypertymic –T. Depressive –T. Fanatic –T. Sensitive –T. Affectionless –T. Labile –T. Attention-seeking –T. Anankastic –T. Weak-willed –T. Asthenic

13. From biopsychotypes to personality types and disorders